Making of the West Vols. 1&2 : Peoples and Cultures,9780312409593

Making of the West Vols. 1&2 : Peoples and Cultures

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Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780312409593
ISBN10: 0312409591
Format: Trade Book
Pub. Date: 2004-09-20
Publisher(s): Bedford/St. Martin's
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Summary

Praised for its highly readable narrative and unmatched chronological integration of political, social and cultural history,The Making of the West: Peoples and Culturescaptures the spirit of each age as it situates Europe within a global context. An innovative organization seamlessly connects historical events and everyday life, while the text's distinctive features introduce students to the process of historical thinking. The fully revised second edition includes superior student support, 60 additional in-text primary sources, and comprehensive treatment of the post-1945 era.

Table of Contents

Preface v
Brief Contents xii
Maps and Figures
xxx
Special Features xxxvi
To the Student xl
Authors' Note: The B.C.E./C.E. Dating System xlvi
About the Authors xlviii
Prologue Before Civilization, to c. 4000 B.C.E.
3(1)
The Paleolithic Age, c. 200,000--c. 10,000 B.C.E.
4(4)
The Life of Hunter-Gatherers
5(1)
Trade, Technology, Religion, and Hierarchy
6(2)
The Neolithic Age, c. 10,000-c. 4000 B.C.E.
8(7)
The Neolithic Revolution
8(1)
Neolithic Origins of Modern Life
9(2)
Daily Life in the Neolithic Village of Catalhoyuk
11(3)
Social Change in the Neolithic Age
14(1)
Conclusion
15(1)
Suggested References
15(1)
Chapter Review
16
New Sources, New Perspectives: Daily Bread, Damaged Bones, and Cracked Teeth
12
Foundations of Western Civilization, c. 4000--c. 1000 B.C.E.
3(40)
The Controversial Concept of Western Civilization
4(4)
Debating the Meaning of Western Civilization
4(2)
Locating Western Civilization's Foundations
6(2)
Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, c. 4000--c. 1000 B.C.E.
8(10)
Cities and Society, c. 4000--c. 2350 B.C.E.
8(5)
Metals, the Akkadian Empire, and the Ur III Dynasty, c. 2350-2000 B.C.E.
13(2)
Assyrian and Babylonian Achievements, c. 2000--c. 1000 B.C.E.
15(3)
The Egyptians, Canaanites, and Hebrews, c. 3050--c. 1000 B.C.E.
18(12)
From Egyptian Unification to the Old Kingdom, c. 3050--c. 2190 B.C.E.
18(5)
The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, c. 2061--c. 1081 B.C.E.
23(4)
Canaanite Innovation and Hebrew Origins, c. 3000--c. 1000 B.C.E.
27(3)
The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, c. 2200--c. 1000 B.C.E.
30(9)
The Hittite Kingdom, c. 1750--c. 1200 B.C.E.
31(1)
Minoan Crete, c. 2200--c. 1400 B.C.E.
32(2)
Mycenaean Greece, c. 1800--c. 1000 B.C.E.
34(3)
The Period of Calamities, c. 1200--c. 1000 B.C.E.
37(2)
Conclusion
39(1)
Suggested References
39(2)
Chapter Review
41(2)
Terms of History: Civilization
6(11)
Individual Documents: Hammurabi's Laws for Physicians
17(9)
Declaring Innocence on Judgment Day in Ancient Egypt
26(17)
New Paths for Western Civilization, c. 1000-500 B.C.E.
43(40)
From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, c. 1000-500 B.C.E.
45(7)
The New Empire of Assyria, c. 900-612 B.C.E.
45(2)
The Neo-Babylonian Empire, c. 605-562 B.C.E.
47(1)
The Persian Empire, c. 557-500 B.C.E.
47(3)
The Consolidation of Hebrew Monotheism, c. 1000-539 B.C.E.
50(2)
Remaking Greek Civilization, c. 1000-750 B.C.E.
52(5)
The Greek Dark Age, c. 1000-750 B.C.E.
52(3)
The Values of the Olympic Games
55(1)
Homer, Hesiod, and Divine Justice in Greek Myth
56(1)
The Creation of the Greek Polis, c. 750-500 B.C.E.
57(12)
The Physical Environment of the Greek City-State
59(1)
Trade and ``Colonization,'' c. 750-580 B.C.E.
60(2)
Citizenship and Freedom in the Greek City-State
62(7)
New Directions for the Polis, c. 750-500 B.C.E.
69(9)
Oligarchy in Sparta, c. 700-500 B.C.E.
70(2)
Tyranny in Corinth, 657-c. 585 B.C.E.
72(1)
Democracy in Athens, c. 632-500 B.C.E.
73(3)
New Ways of Thought and Expression, c. 630-500 B.C.E.
76(2)
Conclusion
78(1)
Suggested References
79(2)
Chapter Review
81(2)
Did You Know? The First Money with Pictures
58
Individual Documents: Homer's Vision of Justice in the Polis
57(5)
Cyrene Records Its Foundation as a Greek Colony
62(21)
The Greek Golden Age, c. 500-c. 400 B.C.E.
83(40)
Wars between Persia and Greece, 499--479 B.C.E.
85(3)
From the Ionian Revolt to the Battle of Marathon, 499-490 B.C.E.
85(2)
The Persian Invasion of 480-479 B.C.E.
87(1)
Athenian Confidence in the Golden Age, 478-431 B.C.E.
88(8)
The Establishment of Athenian Empire
88(2)
Radical Democracy and Pericles' Leadership, 461-431 B.C.E.
90(2)
The Urban Landscape
92(4)
Tradition and Innovation in Athens's Golden Age
96(19)
Religious Tradition in a Period of Change
96(1)
Women, Slaves, and Metics in Traditional Society
97(7)
Intellectual Innovation
104(7)
The Development of Greek Tragedy
111(3)
The Development of Greek Comedy
114(1)
The End of the Golden Age, 431--403 B.C.E.
115(4)
The Peloponnesian War, 431--404 B.C.E.
115(4)
Athens Humbled: Tyranny and Civil War, 404-403 B.C.E.
119(1)
Conclusion
119(1)
Suggested References
120(1)
Chapter Review
121(2)
Contrasting Views: The Nature of Women and Marriage
100(5)
Individual Documents: Athenian Regulations for a Rebellious Ally
105(2)
Sophists Arguing Both Sides of a Case
107(16)
From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, c. 400-30 B.C.E.
123(40)
Classical Greece's Decline, c. 400-350 B.C.E.
124(8)
Restoring Daily Life in Postwar Athens
125(2)
The Execution of Socrates, 399 B.C.E.
127(1)
The Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle
127(3)
Greek Political Disunity
130(2)
The Rise of Macedonia, 359-323 B.C.E.
132(6)
The Roots of Macedonian Power
132(1)
The Rule of Philip II, 359--336 B.C.E.
133(1)
The Rule of Alexander the Great, 336--323 B.C.E.
134(4)
The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323-30 B.C.E.
138(8)
Creating Successor Kings
138(2)
The Structure of Hellenistic Kingdoms
140(3)
The Layers of Hellenistic Society
143(3)
The End of the Hellenistic Kingdoms
146(1)
Hellenistic Culture, 323-30 B.C.E.
146(12)
The Arts under Royal Patronage
146(4)
Philosophy for a New Age
150(3)
Scientific Innovation
153(2)
Cultural and Religious Transformations
155(3)
Conclusion
158(1)
Suggested References
159(2)
Chapter Review
161(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Papyrus Discoveries and Menander's Comedies
148
Individual Documents: Aristotle on the Nature of the Greek Polis
131(10)
Ethnic Tension in Ptolemaic Egypt
141(22)
The Rise of Rome, c. 753-44 B.C.E.
163(40)
Roman Social and Religious Traditions
164(8)
Roman Moral Values
165(1)
The Patron-Client System
166(1)
The Roman Family
167(2)
Education for Public Life
169(1)
Public and Private Religion
170(2)
From Monarchy to Republic, c. 753-287 B.C.E.
172(8)
Roman Society during the Monarchy, c. 753-509 B.C.E.
172(3)
The Early Roman Republic, 509-287 B.C.E.
175(5)
Roman Imperialism and Its Consequences, Fifth to First Centuries B.C.E.
180(8)
Expansion in Italy, c. 500-c. 220 B.C.E.
180(2)
Wars with Carthage and in the East, 264-121 B.C.E.
182(3)
Hellenism in Roman Literature and Art, Third to First Centuries B.C.E.
185(2)
Stresses on Republican Society, Third and Second Centuries B.C.E.
187(1)
Upheaval in the Late Republic, c. 133-44 B.C.E.
188(11)
The Gracchi and Factional Politics, 133-121 B.C.E.
188(1)
Gaius Marius and the Origin of Client Armies, 107-100 B.C.E.
189(2)
Sulla and Civil War, 91-78 B.C.E.
191(2)
The Republic's Downfall, 83-44 B.C.E.
193(6)
Conclusion
199(1)
Suggested References
200(1)
Chapter Review
201(2)
Contrasting Views: The Proscription Edict of 43 B.C.E.
194
Individual Documents: Livy on Liberty in the Founding of the Roman Republic
176(14)
Polybius on Roman Military Discipline in the Republic
190(13)
The Roman Empire, c. 44 B.C.E.--284 C.E.
203(40)
Creating the Pax Romana
204(12)
From Republic to Principate, 44-27 B.C.E.
205(1)
Augustus's Restoration, 27 B.C.E.-14 C.E.
205(4)
Augustan Rome
209(5)
Arts and Letters Fit for an Emperor
214(2)
Maintaining the Pax Romana
216(9)
Making Monarchy Permanent, 14-180 C.E.
216(2)
Life in the Golden Age, 96-180 C.E.
218(7)
The Emergence of Christianity
225(9)
Jesus of Nazareth and the Spread of His Teachings
225(2)
Growth of a New Religion
227(5)
Competing Beliefs
232(2)
The Third-Century Crisis
234(3)
Defending the Frontiers
234(2)
The Severan Emperors and Catastrophe
236(1)
Conclusion
237(2)
Suggested References
239(2)
Chapter Review
241(2)
Contrasting Views: Christians in the Empire: Conspirators or Faithful Subjects?
230
Individual Documents: Augustus, Res Gestae (My Accomplishments)
208(3)
The Scene at a Roman Bath
211(32)
The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284--c. 600 C.E.
243(40)
Reorganizing the Empire, 284-395
245(8)
From Reform to Fragmentation
246(2)
The High Cost of Rescuing the Empire
248(3)
The Emperors and Official Religion
251(2)
Christianizing the Empire, 312-c. 540
253(10)
Changing Religious Beliefs
253(4)
Establishing Christian Orthodoxy
257(4)
The Beginning of Christian Monasticism
261(2)
Non-Roman Kingdoms in the West, c. 370-550s
263(9)
Non-Roman Migrations
264(6)
Mixing Traditions
270(2)
Byzantine Empire in the East, c. 500-565
272(7)
Byzantine Society
272(1)
The Reign of Justinian, 527-565
273(3)
Preserving Classical Literature
276(3)
Conclusion
279(1)
Suggested References
280(1)
Chapter Review
281(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Looking for the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
268
Individual Documents: Diocletian's Edict Controlling Prices and Wages
250(2)
The Edict of Milan on Religious Liberty
252(31)
The Heirs of the Roman Empire, 600-750
283(36)
Byzantium: A Christian Empire under Siege
284(8)
Wars on the Frontiers, c. 570-750
284(5)
From an Urban to a Rural Way of Life
289(1)
New Military and Cultural Forms
290(1)
Religion, Politics, and Iconoclasm
291(1)
Islam: A New Religion and a New Empire
292(7)
The Desert and the Cities
293(1)
The Prophet Muhammad and the Faith of Islam
293(1)
Growth of Islam, c. 610-632
294(3)
The Caliphs, Muhammad's Successors, 632-750
297(1)
Peace and Prosperity in Islamic Lands
298(1)
Western Europe: A Medley of Kingdoms
299(16)
Frankish Kingdoms with Roman Roots
299(5)
Economic Activity in a Peasant Society
304(1)
The Powerful in Merovingian Society
305(3)
Christianity and Classical Culture in the British Isles
308(2)
Unity in Spain, Division in Italy
310(2)
Political Tensions and Reorganization at Rome
312(3)
Conclusion
315(1)
Suggested References
315(2)
Chapter Review
317(2)
Terms of History: Medieval
286(16)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Anthropology, Archaeology, and Changing Notions of Ethnicity
302
Individual Documents: The Fatihah of the Qur'an
295(18)
A Portrait of Pope Gregory the Great (R. 590-604)
313(6)
Unity and Diversity in Three Societies, 750-1050
319(40)
Byzantium: Renewed Strength and Influence
320(6)
Imperial Power
320(2)
The Macedonian Renaissance, c. 870-c. 1025
322(2)
The Dynatoi: A New Landowning Elite
324(1)
In Byzantium's Shadow: Bulgaria, Serbia, Russia
324(2)
The Islamic World: From Unity to Fragmentation
326(5)
The Abbasid Caliphate, 750-c. 950
326(1)
Regional Diversity
327(2)
Unity of Commerce and Language
329(1)
The Islamic Renaissance, c. 790-c. 1050
329(2)
The Creation and Division of a New European Empire
331(11)
The Rise of the Carolingians
331(1)
Charlemagne and His Kingdom, 768-814
332(2)
The Carolingian Renaissance, c. 790-c. 900
334(2)
Charlemagne's Successors, 814-911
336(1)
Land and Power
336(2)
Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars Invade, c. 790-955
338(4)
After the Carolingians: The Emergence of Local Rule
342(13)
Public Power and Private Relationships
342(6)
Warriors and Warfare
348(1)
Efforts to Contain Violence
348(1)
Political Communities in Italy, England, and France
349(2)
Emperors and Kings in Central and Eastern Europe
351(4)
Conclusion
355(1)
Suggested References
355(2)
Chapter Review
357(2)
Terms of History: Feudalism
343
Individual Documents: Dhuoda's Handbook for Her Son
337(8)
Fulbert of Chartres, ``Letter to William of Aquitaine'' (1020)
345(14)
Renewal and Reform, 1050-1150
359(40)
The Commercial Revolution
360(5)
Cities, Towns, and Fairs
360(4)
Business Arrangements
364(1)
Self-Government for the Towns
364(1)
Church Reform and Its Aftermath
365(14)
Beginnings of Reform
365(2)
The Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Conflict, 1073-1122
367(2)
The Sweep of Reform
369(3)
Early Crusades and Crusader States
372(7)
The Revival of Monarchies
379(5)
Reconstructing the Empire at Byzantium
380(1)
England under Norman Rule
381(2)
Praising the King of France
383(1)
New Forms of Scholarship and Religious Expression
384(11)
Schools and the Liberal Arts
385(1)
Scholars of the New Learning
386(3)
Benedictine Monks and Artistic Splendor
389(1)
New Monastic Orders of Poverty
390(5)
Conclusion
395(1)
Suggested References
395(2)
Chapter Review
397(2)
Contrasting Views: The First Crusade
374(13)
Did You Know? Translations
387
Individual Documents: A Byzantine View of Papal Primacy
370(8)
Genoese Traders in Palestine
378(21)
An Age of Confidence, 1150-1215
399(36)
Governments as Institutions
400(13)
Germany: The Revived Monarchy of Frederick Barbarossa
400(5)
England: Unity through Common Law
405(4)
France: Consolidation and Conquest
409(3)
Eastern Europe and Byzantium: Fragmenting Realms
412(1)
The Growth of a Vernacular High Culture
413(3)
The Troubadours: Poets of Love and Play
413(2)
The Literature of Epic and Romance
415(1)
New Lay and Religious Associations
416(5)
The Commercial Revolution Penetrates the Countryside
416(1)
Guilds for Commerce and Scholarship
417(2)
Religious Fervor and Dissent
419(2)
European Aggression Within and Without
421(10)
Jews as Strangers
421(4)
Persecuting Heretics
425(1)
Disastrous Crusades to the Holy Land
425(3)
Victorious Crusades on the Borders of Europe
428(3)
Conclusion
431(1)
Suggested References
432(1)
Chapter Review
433(2)
Contrasting Views: Magna Carta
410(12)
New Sources, New Perspectives: The Cairo Geniza
422
Individual Documents: Frederick's Reply to the Romans
402(26)
The Children's Crusade (1212)
428(7)
The Medieval Search for Order and Harmony, 1215-1320
435(32)
The Church's Mission of Reform
436(7)
Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215
436(2)
The Inquisition
438(1)
Lay Piety
439(4)
Cultural Harmonies
443(7)
Scholasticism: Harmonizing Faith and Reason
443(2)
New Syntheses in Writing and Music
445(1)
The Gothic Revolution in Art and Architecture
446(4)
The Politics of Control
450(11)
The Weakening of the Empire
450(2)
Louis IX and a New Ideal of Kingship
452(2)
The Birth of Representative Institutions
454(2)
The Weakening of the Papacy
456(2)
The Road to the Signori
458(1)
The Mongol Takeover
459(2)
Conclusion
461(1)
Suggested References
462(2)
Chapter Review
464(3)
New Sources, New Perspectives: The Peasants of Montaillou
440(6)
Individual Documents: The Debate Between Reason and the Lover
446(9)
Municipal Legislation at Pisa (1286)
455(12)
The Crisis of Late Medieval Society, 1320-1430
467(38)
Political Crises across Europe
468(14)
The Changing Nature of Warfare
468(1)
The Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453
469(7)
Popular Uprisings
476(2)
Imperial Fragmentation and Eastern European State Building
478(2)
Multiethnic States on the Frontiers
480(2)
The Plague and Society
482(6)
Rise and Spread of the Plague
482(3)
Responses to the Plague: Flagellants and Anti-Semitism
485(1)
Consequences of the Plague
486(2)
Challenges to Spiritual Authority
488(5)
The Papal Monarchy and Its Critics
488(1)
The Great Schism, 1378-1417
489(1)
The Conciliar Movement
489(2)
Dissenters and Heretics
491(1)
The Hussite Revolution
492(1)
The Social Order and Cultural Change
493(7)
The Household
493(3)
The Underclass
496(1)
Hard Times for Trade
496(1)
The Flourishing of Vernacular Literature and the Birth of Humanism
497(3)
Conclusion
500(1)
Suggested References
501(2)
Chapter Review
503(2)
Contrasting Views: Joan of Arc: Who Was ``The Maid''?
474(20)
Individual Documents: Piers the Ploughman
494(4)
The Book of the City of Ladies (1405)
498(7)
Renaissance Europe, 1400-1500
505(42)
Widening Intellectual Horizons
506(4)
The Humanist Renewal
507(2)
The Advent of Printing
509(1)
Revolution in the Arts
510(7)
From Artisan to Artist
511(1)
The Human Figure
512(2)
Order through Perspective
514(2)
New Musical Harmonies
516(1)
The Intersection of Private and Public Lives
517(4)
Renaissance Social Hierarchy
517(2)
Family Alliances
519(1)
The Regulation of Sexuality
520(1)
The Renaissance State and the Art of Politics
521(10)
Republics and Principalities in Italy
522(2)
Renaissance Diplomacy
524(1)
Monarchies and Empires
525(6)
On the Threshold of World History: Widening Geographic Horizons
531(10)
The Divided Mediterranean
532(1)
Portuguese Explorations
533(3)
The Voyages of Columbus
536(3)
A New Era in Slavery
539(1)
Europeans in the New World
539(2)
Conclusion
541(1)
Suggested References
542(2)
Chapter Review
544(3)
Terms of History: Renaissance
508(26)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Portuguese Voyages of Discovery
534
Individual Documents: A Merchant's Advice to His Sons
518(20)
Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493)
538(9)
The Struggle for Reformation Europe, 1500-1560
547(34)
A New Heaven and a New Earth
548(4)
The Crisis of Faith
548(2)
Christian Humanism
550(2)
Protestant Reformers
552(7)
Martin Luther and the German Nation
552(4)
Huldrych Zwingli and the Swiss Confederation
556(1)
John Calvin and Christian Discipline
557(2)
Reshaping Society through Religion
559(6)
Challenging the Social Order
559(2)
New Forms of Discipline
561(4)
A Struggle for Mastery
565(8)
The Court
566(1)
Art and the Christian Knight
566(2)
Wars among Habsburgs, Valois, and Ottomans
568(2)
The Finance and Technologies of War
570(1)
Divided Realms
571(2)
A Continuing Reformation
573(4)
Catholic Renewal
574(1)
Missionary Zeal
575(2)
Conclusion
577(1)
Suggested References
578(1)
Chapter Review
579(2)
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?
554
Individual Documents: Thomas More, Utopia (1516)
551(5)
Erasmus Writes to Martin Luther (1519)
556(25)
A Century of Crisis, 1560--1648
581(40)
Religious Conflicts and State Power, 1560--1618
582(15)
French Wars of Religion, 1562--1598
582(4)
Challenges to Spanish Power
586(3)
Elizabeth I's Defense of English Protestantism
589(1)
The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe
590(7)
The Thirty Years' War and the Balance of Power, 1618--1648
597(1)
Origins and Course of the War
592(1)
The Effects of Constant Fighting
593(2)
The Peace of Westphalia, 1648
595(2)
Economic Crisis and Realignment
597(9)
From Growth to Recession
598(1)
Consequences for Daily Life
599(4)
The Economic Balance of Power
603(3)
A Clash of Worldviews
606(11)
The Arts in an Age of Crisis
606(2)
The Natural Laws of Politics
608(2)
Origins of the Scientific Revolution
610(5)
Magic and Witchcraft
615(2)
Conclusion
617(1)
Suggested References
618(1)
Chapter Review
619(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Tree Rings and the Little Ice Age
600(10)
Did You Know? The Gregorian Calendar (1582)
610(84)
Individual Documents: The Horrors of the Thirty Years' War
694
Galileo Writes to Kepler About Their Common Interests in Astronomy
613(8)
State Building and the Search for Order, 1648--1690
621(44)
Louis XIV: Model of Absolutism
622(8)
The Fronde, 1648--1653
623(1)
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
624(2)
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
626(1)
Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad
627(3)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
630(6)
Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden: Militaristic Absolutism
631(1)
An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks
632(2)
Russia: Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism
634(1)
Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed
635(1)
Constitutionalism in England
636(9)
England Turned Upside Down, 1642--1660
637(6)
The Glorious Revolution of 1688
643(2)
Constitutionalism in the Dutch Republic and the Overseas Colonies
645(4)
The Dutch Republic
645(3)
Freedom and Slavery in the New World
648(1)
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture
649(12)
Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke
650(1)
Newton and the Consolidation of the Scientific Revolution
651(2)
Freedom and Order in the Arts
653(3)
Women and Manners
656(2)
Reforming Popular Culture
658(3)
Conclusion
661(1)
Suggested References
661(2)
Chapter Review
663(2)
Contrasting Views: The English Civil War
640(7)
Did You Know? Tobacco and the Invention of ``smoking''
647(7)
Individual Documents: John Milton's Defense of Freedom of the Press
654(5)
Aphra Behn, Oroonoko
659(6)
The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1690--1740
665(42)
The Atlantic System and the World Economy
667(9)
Slavery and the Atlantic System
667(6)
World Trade and Settlement
673(2)
The Birth of Consumer Society
675(1)
New Social and Cultural Patterns
676(7)
Agricultural Revolution
676(2)
Social Life in the Cities
678(2)
The Growth of a Literate Public
680(1)
New Tastes in the Arts
680(3)
Religious Revivals
683(1)
Consolidation of the European State System
683(12)
The Limits of French Absolutism
684(2)
British Rise and Dutch Decline
686(2)
Russia's Emergence as a European Power
688(2)
The Balance of Power in the East
690(2)
The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Numbers
692(1)
Public Hygiene and Health Care
693(2)
The Birth of the Enlightenment
695(7)
Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion
695(3)
Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition
698(2)
Raising the Woman Question
700(2)
Conclusion
702(1)
Suggested References
702(2)
Chapter Review
704(3)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Oral History and the Life of Slaves
672(24)
Terms of History: Progress
696
Individual Documents: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Smallpox Inoculation in the Ottoman Empire
694(5)
Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733)
699(8)
The Promise of Enlightenment, 1740--1789
707(40)
The Enlightenment at Its Height
708(14)
Men and Women of the Republic of Letters
709(3)
Conflicts with Church and State
712(1)
The Individual and Society
713(4)
Spreading the Enlightenment
717(3)
The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival
720(2)
Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment
722(7)
The Nobility's Reassertion of Privilege
722(1)
The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite
723(3)
Life on the Margins
726(2)
The Roots of Industrialization
728(1)
State Power in an Era of Reform
729(7)
War and Diplomacy
730(3)
State-Sponsored Reform
733(2)
Limits of Reform
735(1)
Rebellions against State Power
736(6)
Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings
736(2)
Public Opinion and Political Opposition
738(1)
Revolution in North America
739(3)
Conclusion
742(1)
Suggested References
743(2)
Chapter Review
745(2)
Terms of History: Enlightenment
710(4)
Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment
714(4)
Individual Documents: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the Social Contract (1762)
718(22)
Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
740(7)
The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789--1800
747(40)
The Revolutionary Wave, 1787--1789
748(9)
Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland
749(3)
Origins of the French Revolution, 1787--1789
752(5)
From Monarchy to Republic, 1789--1793
757(6)
The Revolution of Rights and Reason
757(4)
The End of Monarchy
761(2)
Terror and Resistance
763(7)
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety
763(2)
The Republic of Virtue, 1793--1794
765(2)
Resisting the Revolution
767(1)
The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror, 1794--1799
768(2)
Revolution on the March
770(12)
Arms and Conquests
770(3)
European Reactions to Revolutionary Change
773(3)
Poland Extinguished, 1793--1795
776(1)
Revolution in the Colonies
777(3)
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
780(2)
Conclusion
782(1)
Suggested References
783(2)
Chapter Review
785(2)
Terms of History: Revolution
750(24)
Contrasting Views: Consequences of the French Revolution
774
Individual Documents: The Rights of Minorities
758(20)
Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade (February 5, 1790)
778(9)
Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800--1830
787(42)
Napoleon's Authoritarian State
788(7)
From Republic to Empire
789(3)
The New Paternalism: The Civil Code
792(1)
Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life
793(2)
``Europe Was at My Feet'': Napoleon's Conquests
795(10)
The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800--1807
795(5)
The Impact of French Victories
800(2)
From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812--1815
802(3)
The ``Restoration'' of Europe
805(5)
The Congress of Vienna, 1814--1815
805(3)
The Emergence of Conservatism
808(1)
The Revival of Religion
809(1)
Forces for Social and Cultural Change
810(9)
Industrial and Urban Growth in Britain
810(1)
The New Ideologies
811(4)
Romanticism
815(4)
Political Challenges to the Conservative Order
819(6)
Political Revolts in the 1820s
819(4)
Revolution and Reform, 1830--1832
823(2)
Conclusion
825(1)
Suggested References
826(1)
Chapter Review
827(2)
Did You Know? How the Orient Became Oriental
794(2)
Contrasting Views: Napoleon: for and Against
796(8)
Individual Documents: An Ordinary Soldier on Campaign with Napoleon
804(12)
Wordsworth's Poetry
816(13)
Industrialization, Urbanization, and Revolution, 1830--1850
829(44)
The Advance of Industrialization and Urbanization
830(10)
Engines of Change
831(4)
Urbanization and Its Consequences
835(4)
Agricultural Perils and Prosperity
839(1)
Reforming the Social Order
840(9)
Cultural Responses to the Social Question
840(4)
The Varieties of Social Reform
844(3)
Abuses and Reforms Overseas
847(2)
The Ferment of Ideologies
849(9)
The Spell of Nationalism
849(4)
Liberalism in Economics and Politics
853(1)
Socialism and the Early Labor Movement
854(3)
The New Historical Imagination
857(1)
The Revolutions of 1848
858(11)
The Hungry Forties
859(1)
Another French Revolution
860(2)
Nationalist Revolution in Italy
862(1)
Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe
863(3)
Aftermath to 1848
866(3)
Conclusion
869(1)
Suggested References
869(2)
Chapter Review
871(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Statistics and the Standard of Living of the Working Class
836(14)
Did You Know? Opium Addiction in Nineteenth-Century Britain
850
Individual Documents: A Romantic Poet Mourns the Fate of the Workers
841(15)
Marx and Engels, the Communist Manifesto
856(17)
Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, c. 1850--1870
873(42)
The End of the Concert of Europe
875(6)
Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory
875(2)
The Crimean War, 1853--1856: Turning Point in European Affairs
877(2)
Spirit of Reform in Russia
879(2)
War and Nation Building
881(10)
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification
881(2)
Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification
883(4)
Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
887(1)
Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain
888(1)
Civil War and Nation Building in the United States and Canada
889(2)
Establishing Social Order
891(8)
Bringing Order to the Cities
891(2)
Expanding the Reach of Bureaucracy
893(1)
Schooling and Professionalizing Society
894(1)
Spreading Western Order beyond the West
895(4)
The Culture of Social Order
899(7)
The Arts Confront Social Reality
900(3)
Religion and Secular Order
903(2)
From Natural Science to Social Science
905(1)
Contesting the Growing Power of the Nation-State
906(5)
The Rise of Marxism
906(2)
The Paris Commune versus the French State
908(3)
Conclusion
911(1)
Suggested References
911(2)
Chapter Review
913(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Photographs and Their Messages
898
Individual Documents: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale
879(7)
Bismarck Tricks the Public to Get His War
886(29)
Industry, Empire, and Everyday Life, 1870--1890
915(44)
The Advance of Industry
917(7)
Industrial Innovation
917(3)
Facing Economic Crisis
920(1)
Revolution in Business Practices
921(3)
The New Imperialism
924(9)
Taming the Mediterranean
924(1)
Scramble for Africa
925(3)
Acquiring Territory in Asia
928(2)
Japan's Imperial Agenda
930(1)
The Paradoxes of Imperialism
931(2)
The Transformation of Culture and Society
933(12)
The ``Best'' Circles and the Expanding Middle Class
933(3)
Professional Sports and Organized Leisure
936(1)
Working People's Strategies
937(2)
Reform Efforts for Working-Class People
939(3)
Artistic Responses to Industrial and Imperial Change
942(3)
The Birth of Mass Politics
945(9)
Workers, Politics, and Protest
945(2)
Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe
947(3)
Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe
950(4)
Conclusion
954(2)
Suggested References
956(1)
Chapter Review
957(2)
Did You Know? Polo and Social Class
935(5)
Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration
940
Individual Documents: Imperialism's Popularity Among the People
929(14)
Henrik Ibsen, a Doll's House
943(16)
Modernity and the Road to War, c. 1890--1914
959(44)
Private Life in the Modern Age
960(10)
Population Pressure
961(3)
Reforming Marriage
964(1)
New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity
965(1)
Sciences of the Modern Self
966(4)
Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas
970(5)
The Challenge to Positivism
970(1)
Revolutionizing Science
971(1)
Modern Art
972(2)
Musical Iconoclasm
974(1)
Growing Tensions in Mass Politics
975(10)
Labor's Expanding Power
976(1)
Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage
977(2)
Liberalism Modified
979(1)
Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics
980(5)
European Imperialism Contested
985(7)
The Trials of Empire
985(3)
The Russian Empire Threatened
988(2)
Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination
990(2)
Roads to War
992(7)
Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions
993(1)
The Race to Arms
994(3)
1914: War Erupts
997(2)
Conclusion
999(1)
Suggested References
999(2)
Chapter Review
1001(2)
Terms of History: Modern
962(6)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Psychohistory and its Lessons
968(16)
Individual Documents: Leon Pinsker Calls for a Jewish State
984(12)
A Historian Promotes Militant Nationalism
996(7)
War, Revolution, and Reconstruction, 1914--1929
1003(46)
The Great War, 1914--1918
1004(10)
Blueprints for War
1004(2)
The Battlefronts
1006(5)
The Home Front
1011(3)
Protest, Revolution, and War's End, 1917--1918
1014(6)
War Protest
1014(1)
Revolution in Russia
1014(5)
Civil War in Russia
1019(1)
Ending the War, 1918
1019(1)
The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution
1020(8)
Europe in Turmoil
1021(1)
The Paris Peace Conference, 1919--1920
1021(5)
Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace
1026(2)
A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s
1028(6)
Changes in the Political Landscape
1028(3)
Reconstructing the Economy
1031(1)
Restoring Society
1032(2)
Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators
1034(9)
Culture for the Masses
1034(1)
Cultural Debates over the Future
1035(4)
The Communist Utopia
1039(2)
Fascism on the March in Italy
1041(2)
Conclusion
1043(2)
Suggested References
1045(2)
Chapter Review
1047(2)
Contrasting Views: Arguing with the Victors
1024
Individual Documents: Outbreak of the Russian Revolution
1018(20)
Virginia Woolf's Orlando (1928)
1038(11)
An Age of Catastrophes, 1929--1945
1049(48)
The Great Depression
1050(5)
Economic Disaster Strikes
1050(1)
Social Effects of the Depression
1051(2)
The Great Depression beyond the West
1053(2)
Totalitarian Triumph
1055(9)
The Rise of Stalinism
1055(5)
Hitler's Rise to Power
1060(2)
The Nazification of German Politics
1062(1)
Nazi Racism
1063(1)
Democracies on the Defensive
1064(5)
Confronting the Economic Crisis
1065(3)
Cultural Visions in Hard Times
1068(1)
The Road to Global War
1069(8)
A Surge in Global Imperialism
1070(3)
The Spanish Civil War, 1936--1939
1073(2)
Hitler's Conquest of Central Europe, 1938--1939
1075(2)
World War II, 1939--1945
1077(14)
The German Onslaught
1077(1)
War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond
1078(1)
The War against Civilians
1079(3)
Societies at War
1082(3)
From Resistance to Allied Victory
1085(5)
An Uneasy Postwar Settlement
1090(1)
Conclusion
1091(2)
Suggested References
1093(2)
Chapter Review
1095(2)
Terms of History: Totalitarianism
1056(26)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Museums and Memory
1082
Individual Documents: The War on Kulaks
1058(14)
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1072(25)
Remaking Europe in the Shadow of Cold War, c. 1945--1965
1097(42)
World Politics Transformed
1098(10)
Europe Prostrate
1099(2)
New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union
1101(1)
Origins of the Cold War
1102(4)
The Division of Germany
1106(2)
Political and Economic Recovery in Europe
1108(10)
Dealing with the Nazi Past
1108(1)
Rebirth of the West
1109(4)
The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West
1113(3)
Recovery in the East
1116(2)
Decolonization in a Cold War Climate
1118(7)
The End of Empire in Asia
1119(1)
The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East
1120(2)
New Nations in Africa
1122(1)
The Arrival of New Europeans
1123(2)
Cultural Life on the Brink of Nuclear War
1125(10)
Restoring ``Western'' Values
1125(2)
Rising Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms
1127(3)
The Culture of Cold War
1130(3)
Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Atomic Brink
1133(2)
Conclusion
1135(1)
Suggested References
1135(2)
Chapter Review
1137(2)
New Sources, New Perspectives: Government Archives and the Truth About the Cold War
1104(10)
Individual Documents: The Schuman Plan on European Unity (1950)
1114(15)
Consumerism, Youth, and the Birth of the Generation Gap
1129(10)
Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1965--1989
1139(46)
The Revolution in Technology
1140(6)
The Information Age: Television and Computers
1140(3)
The Space Age
1143(1)
Revolutions in Biology, Reproductive Technology, and Sexual Behavior
1144(2)
Postindustrial Society and Culture
1146(9)
Multinational Corporations
1146(2)
The New Worker
1148(2)
The Boom in Education and Research
1150(1)
A Redefined Family and a Generation Gap
1151(1)
Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society
1152(3)
Protesting Cold War Conditions
1155(11)
Cracks in the Cold War Order
1155(3)
The Explosion of Civic Activism
1158(5)
1968: Year of Crisis
1163(3)
The Erosion of Superpower Mastery Ends the Cold War
1166(13)
The West, the World, and the Politics of Energy
1166(2)
The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform
1168(5)
Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc
1173(6)
Conclusion
1179(2)
Suggested References
1181(2)
Chapter Review
1183(2)
Terms of History: Postindustrial
1147(13)
Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates
1160(12)
Individual Documents: Margaret Thatcher's Economic Vision
1172(3)
Mikhail Gorbachev on Reform in the USSR
1175(10)
The New Globalism: Opportunities and Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present
1185
Soviet Collapse Releases Global Forces
1187(9)
The Breakup of Yugoslavia
1188(2)
The Soviet Union Comes Apart
1190(3)
An Elusive Market Economy
1193(1)
Chechnya and Central Asian States: The Quest for Independence and Influence
1194(2)
Global Opportunities Transcend the Nation-State
1196(6)
Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State
1196(4)
Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations
1200(1)
Global Organizations
1201(1)
Global Challenges and Discontents
1202(9)
Pollution and Population
1202(2)
Population and Disease
1204(2)
North versus South?
1206(1)
Islam Confronts the West
1207(2)
The Rise of the Pacific Economy
1209(2)
Global Culture and Society in the New Millennium
1211(9)
Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration
1211(3)
Global Networks and the Economy
1214(2)
The Global Diffusion of Culture
1216(4)
Conclusion: The Making of the West Continues
1220(2)
Suggested References
1222(2)
Chapter Review
1224
Contrasting Views: The Debate Over Globalization
1212
Individual Documents: Vaclav Havel, ``Czechoslovakia is Returning to Europe''
1199(4)
Petra Kelly, Activist for the Green Party
1203
Appendix: Useful Facts and Figures 1(1)
Glossary of Key Terms 1(1)
Index 1

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