Preface |
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v | |
Brief Contents |
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xii | |
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xxx | |
Special Features |
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xxxvi | |
To the Student |
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xl | |
Authors' Note: The B.C.E./C.E. Dating System |
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xlvi | |
About the Authors |
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xlviii | |
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Prologue Before Civilization, to c. 4000 B.C.E. |
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3 | (1) |
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The Paleolithic Age, c. 200,000--c. 10,000 B.C.E. |
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4 | (4) |
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The Life of Hunter-Gatherers |
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5 | (1) |
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Trade, Technology, Religion, and Hierarchy |
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6 | (2) |
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The Neolithic Age, c. 10,000-c. 4000 B.C.E. |
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8 | (7) |
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8 | (1) |
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Neolithic Origins of Modern Life |
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9 | (2) |
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Daily Life in the Neolithic Village of Catalhoyuk |
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11 | (3) |
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Social Change in the Neolithic Age |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | |
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New Sources, New Perspectives: Daily Bread, Damaged Bones, and Cracked Teeth |
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12 | |
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Foundations of Western Civilization, c. 4000--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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3 | (40) |
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The Controversial Concept of Western Civilization |
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4 | (4) |
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Debating the Meaning of Western Civilization |
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4 | (2) |
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Locating Western Civilization's Foundations |
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6 | (2) |
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Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, c. 4000--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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8 | (10) |
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Cities and Society, c. 4000--c. 2350 B.C.E. |
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8 | (5) |
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Metals, the Akkadian Empire, and the Ur III Dynasty, c. 2350-2000 B.C.E. |
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13 | (2) |
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Assyrian and Babylonian Achievements, c. 2000--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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15 | (3) |
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The Egyptians, Canaanites, and Hebrews, c. 3050--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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18 | (12) |
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From Egyptian Unification to the Old Kingdom, c. 3050--c. 2190 B.C.E. |
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18 | (5) |
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The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, c. 2061--c. 1081 B.C.E. |
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23 | (4) |
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Canaanite Innovation and Hebrew Origins, c. 3000--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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27 | (3) |
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The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, c. 2200--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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30 | (9) |
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The Hittite Kingdom, c. 1750--c. 1200 B.C.E. |
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31 | (1) |
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Minoan Crete, c. 2200--c. 1400 B.C.E. |
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32 | (2) |
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Mycenaean Greece, c. 1800--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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34 | (3) |
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The Period of Calamities, c. 1200--c. 1000 B.C.E. |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (2) |
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Terms of History: Civilization |
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6 | (11) |
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Individual Documents: Hammurabi's Laws for Physicians |
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17 | (9) |
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Declaring Innocence on Judgment Day in Ancient Egypt |
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26 | (17) |
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New Paths for Western Civilization, c. 1000-500 B.C.E. |
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43 | (40) |
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From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, c. 1000-500 B.C.E. |
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45 | (7) |
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The New Empire of Assyria, c. 900-612 B.C.E. |
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45 | (2) |
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The Neo-Babylonian Empire, c. 605-562 B.C.E. |
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47 | (1) |
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The Persian Empire, c. 557-500 B.C.E. |
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47 | (3) |
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The Consolidation of Hebrew Monotheism, c. 1000-539 B.C.E. |
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50 | (2) |
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Remaking Greek Civilization, c. 1000-750 B.C.E. |
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52 | (5) |
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The Greek Dark Age, c. 1000-750 B.C.E. |
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52 | (3) |
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The Values of the Olympic Games |
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55 | (1) |
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Homer, Hesiod, and Divine Justice in Greek Myth |
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56 | (1) |
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The Creation of the Greek Polis, c. 750-500 B.C.E. |
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57 | (12) |
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The Physical Environment of the Greek City-State |
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59 | (1) |
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Trade and ``Colonization,'' c. 750-580 B.C.E. |
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60 | (2) |
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Citizenship and Freedom in the Greek City-State |
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62 | (7) |
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New Directions for the Polis, c. 750-500 B.C.E. |
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69 | (9) |
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Oligarchy in Sparta, c. 700-500 B.C.E. |
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70 | (2) |
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Tyranny in Corinth, 657-c. 585 B.C.E. |
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72 | (1) |
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Democracy in Athens, c. 632-500 B.C.E. |
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73 | (3) |
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New Ways of Thought and Expression, c. 630-500 B.C.E. |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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Did You Know? The First Money with Pictures |
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58 | |
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Individual Documents: Homer's Vision of Justice in the Polis |
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57 | (5) |
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Cyrene Records Its Foundation as a Greek Colony |
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62 | (21) |
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The Greek Golden Age, c. 500-c. 400 B.C.E. |
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83 | (40) |
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Wars between Persia and Greece, 499--479 B.C.E. |
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85 | (3) |
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From the Ionian Revolt to the Battle of Marathon, 499-490 B.C.E. |
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85 | (2) |
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The Persian Invasion of 480-479 B.C.E. |
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87 | (1) |
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Athenian Confidence in the Golden Age, 478-431 B.C.E. |
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88 | (8) |
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The Establishment of Athenian Empire |
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88 | (2) |
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Radical Democracy and Pericles' Leadership, 461-431 B.C.E. |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (4) |
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Tradition and Innovation in Athens's Golden Age |
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96 | (19) |
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Religious Tradition in a Period of Change |
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96 | (1) |
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Women, Slaves, and Metics in Traditional Society |
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97 | (7) |
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104 | (7) |
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The Development of Greek Tragedy |
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111 | (3) |
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The Development of Greek Comedy |
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114 | (1) |
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The End of the Golden Age, 431--403 B.C.E. |
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115 | (4) |
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The Peloponnesian War, 431--404 B.C.E. |
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115 | (4) |
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Athens Humbled: Tyranny and Civil War, 404-403 B.C.E. |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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Contrasting Views: The Nature of Women and Marriage |
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100 | (5) |
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Individual Documents: Athenian Regulations for a Rebellious Ally |
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105 | (2) |
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Sophists Arguing Both Sides of a Case |
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107 | (16) |
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From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, c. 400-30 B.C.E. |
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123 | (40) |
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Classical Greece's Decline, c. 400-350 B.C.E. |
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124 | (8) |
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Restoring Daily Life in Postwar Athens |
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125 | (2) |
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The Execution of Socrates, 399 B.C.E. |
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127 | (1) |
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The Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (2) |
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The Rise of Macedonia, 359-323 B.C.E. |
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132 | (6) |
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The Roots of Macedonian Power |
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132 | (1) |
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The Rule of Philip II, 359--336 B.C.E. |
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133 | (1) |
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The Rule of Alexander the Great, 336--323 B.C.E. |
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134 | (4) |
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The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323-30 B.C.E. |
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138 | (8) |
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138 | (2) |
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The Structure of Hellenistic Kingdoms |
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140 | (3) |
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The Layers of Hellenistic Society |
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143 | (3) |
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The End of the Hellenistic Kingdoms |
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146 | (1) |
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Hellenistic Culture, 323-30 B.C.E. |
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146 | (12) |
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The Arts under Royal Patronage |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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Cultural and Religious Transformations |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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New Sources, New Perspectives: Papyrus Discoveries and Menander's Comedies |
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148 | |
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Individual Documents: Aristotle on the Nature of the Greek Polis |
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131 | (10) |
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Ethnic Tension in Ptolemaic Egypt |
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141 | (22) |
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The Rise of Rome, c. 753-44 B.C.E. |
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163 | (40) |
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Roman Social and Religious Traditions |
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164 | (8) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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Education for Public Life |
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169 | (1) |
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Public and Private Religion |
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170 | (2) |
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From Monarchy to Republic, c. 753-287 B.C.E. |
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172 | (8) |
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Roman Society during the Monarchy, c. 753-509 B.C.E. |
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172 | (3) |
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The Early Roman Republic, 509-287 B.C.E. |
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175 | (5) |
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Roman Imperialism and Its Consequences, Fifth to First Centuries B.C.E. |
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180 | (8) |
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Expansion in Italy, c. 500-c. 220 B.C.E. |
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180 | (2) |
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Wars with Carthage and in the East, 264-121 B.C.E. |
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182 | (3) |
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Hellenism in Roman Literature and Art, Third to First Centuries B.C.E. |
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185 | (2) |
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Stresses on Republican Society, Third and Second Centuries B.C.E. |
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187 | (1) |
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Upheaval in the Late Republic, c. 133-44 B.C.E. |
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188 | (11) |
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The Gracchi and Factional Politics, 133-121 B.C.E. |
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188 | (1) |
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Gaius Marius and the Origin of Client Armies, 107-100 B.C.E. |
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189 | (2) |
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Sulla and Civil War, 91-78 B.C.E. |
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191 | (2) |
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The Republic's Downfall, 83-44 B.C.E. |
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193 | (6) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Contrasting Views: The Proscription Edict of 43 B.C.E. |
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194 | |
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Individual Documents: Livy on Liberty in the Founding of the Roman Republic |
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176 | (14) |
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Polybius on Roman Military Discipline in the Republic |
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190 | (13) |
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The Roman Empire, c. 44 B.C.E.--284 C.E. |
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203 | (40) |
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204 | (12) |
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From Republic to Principate, 44-27 B.C.E. |
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205 | (1) |
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Augustus's Restoration, 27 B.C.E.-14 C.E. |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (5) |
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Arts and Letters Fit for an Emperor |
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214 | (2) |
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Maintaining the Pax Romana |
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216 | (9) |
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Making Monarchy Permanent, 14-180 C.E. |
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216 | (2) |
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Life in the Golden Age, 96-180 C.E. |
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218 | (7) |
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The Emergence of Christianity |
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225 | (9) |
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Jesus of Nazareth and the Spread of His Teachings |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (5) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (3) |
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234 | (2) |
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The Severan Emperors and Catastrophe |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (2) |
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Contrasting Views: Christians in the Empire: Conspirators or Faithful Subjects? |
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230 | |
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Individual Documents: Augustus, Res Gestae (My Accomplishments) |
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208 | (3) |
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The Scene at a Roman Bath |
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211 | (32) |
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The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284--c. 600 C.E. |
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243 | (40) |
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Reorganizing the Empire, 284-395 |
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245 | (8) |
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From Reform to Fragmentation |
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246 | (2) |
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The High Cost of Rescuing the Empire |
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248 | (3) |
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The Emperors and Official Religion |
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251 | (2) |
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Christianizing the Empire, 312-c. 540 |
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253 | (10) |
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Changing Religious Beliefs |
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253 | (4) |
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Establishing Christian Orthodoxy |
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257 | (4) |
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The Beginning of Christian Monasticism |
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261 | (2) |
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Non-Roman Kingdoms in the West, c. 370-550s |
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263 | (9) |
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264 | (6) |
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270 | (2) |
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Byzantine Empire in the East, c. 500-565 |
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272 | (7) |
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272 | (1) |
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The Reign of Justinian, 527-565 |
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273 | (3) |
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Preserving Classical Literature |
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276 | (3) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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New Sources, New Perspectives: Looking for the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |
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268 | |
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Individual Documents: Diocletian's Edict Controlling Prices and Wages |
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250 | (2) |
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The Edict of Milan on Religious Liberty |
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252 | (31) |
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The Heirs of the Roman Empire, 600-750 |
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283 | (36) |
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Byzantium: A Christian Empire under Siege |
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284 | (8) |
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Wars on the Frontiers, c. 570-750 |
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284 | (5) |
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From an Urban to a Rural Way of Life |
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289 | (1) |
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New Military and Cultural Forms |
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290 | (1) |
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Religion, Politics, and Iconoclasm |
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291 | (1) |
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Islam: A New Religion and a New Empire |
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292 | (7) |
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The Desert and the Cities |
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293 | (1) |
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The Prophet Muhammad and the Faith of Islam |
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293 | (1) |
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Growth of Islam, c. 610-632 |
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294 | (3) |
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The Caliphs, Muhammad's Successors, 632-750 |
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297 | (1) |
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Peace and Prosperity in Islamic Lands |
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298 | (1) |
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Western Europe: A Medley of Kingdoms |
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299 | (16) |
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Frankish Kingdoms with Roman Roots |
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299 | (5) |
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Economic Activity in a Peasant Society |
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304 | (1) |
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The Powerful in Merovingian Society |
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305 | (3) |
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Christianity and Classical Culture in the British Isles |
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308 | (2) |
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Unity in Spain, Division in Italy |
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310 | (2) |
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Political Tensions and Reorganization at Rome |
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312 | (3) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (2) |
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Terms of History: Medieval |
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286 | (16) |
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New Sources, New Perspectives: Anthropology, Archaeology, and Changing Notions of Ethnicity |
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302 | |
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Individual Documents: The Fatihah of the Qur'an |
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295 | (18) |
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A Portrait of Pope Gregory the Great (R. 590-604) |
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313 | (6) |
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Unity and Diversity in Three Societies, 750-1050 |
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319 | (40) |
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Byzantium: Renewed Strength and Influence |
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320 | (6) |
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320 | (2) |
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The Macedonian Renaissance, c. 870-c. 1025 |
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322 | (2) |
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The Dynatoi: A New Landowning Elite |
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324 | (1) |
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In Byzantium's Shadow: Bulgaria, Serbia, Russia |
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324 | (2) |
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The Islamic World: From Unity to Fragmentation |
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326 | (5) |
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The Abbasid Caliphate, 750-c. 950 |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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Unity of Commerce and Language |
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329 | (1) |
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The Islamic Renaissance, c. 790-c. 1050 |
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329 | (2) |
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The Creation and Division of a New European Empire |
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331 | (11) |
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The Rise of the Carolingians |
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331 | (1) |
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Charlemagne and His Kingdom, 768-814 |
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332 | (2) |
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The Carolingian Renaissance, c. 790-c. 900 |
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334 | (2) |
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Charlemagne's Successors, 814-911 |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars Invade, c. 790-955 |
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338 | (4) |
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After the Carolingians: The Emergence of Local Rule |
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342 | (13) |
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Public Power and Private Relationships |
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342 | (6) |
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348 | (1) |
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Efforts to Contain Violence |
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348 | (1) |
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Political Communities in Italy, England, and France |
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349 | (2) |
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Emperors and Kings in Central and Eastern Europe |
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351 | (4) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (2) |
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Terms of History: Feudalism |
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343 | |
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Individual Documents: Dhuoda's Handbook for Her Son |
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337 | (8) |
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Fulbert of Chartres, ``Letter to William of Aquitaine'' (1020) |
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345 | (14) |
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Renewal and Reform, 1050-1150 |
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359 | (40) |
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The Commercial Revolution |
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360 | (5) |
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360 | (4) |
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364 | (1) |
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Self-Government for the Towns |
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364 | (1) |
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Church Reform and Its Aftermath |
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365 | (14) |
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365 | (2) |
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The Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Conflict, 1073-1122 |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (3) |
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Early Crusades and Crusader States |
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372 | (7) |
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The Revival of Monarchies |
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379 | (5) |
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Reconstructing the Empire at Byzantium |
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380 | (1) |
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England under Norman Rule |
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381 | (2) |
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Praising the King of France |
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383 | (1) |
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New Forms of Scholarship and Religious Expression |
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384 | (11) |
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Schools and the Liberal Arts |
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385 | (1) |
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Scholars of the New Learning |
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386 | (3) |
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Benedictine Monks and Artistic Splendor |
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389 | (1) |
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New Monastic Orders of Poverty |
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390 | (5) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (2) |
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Contrasting Views: The First Crusade |
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374 | (13) |
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Did You Know? Translations |
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387 | |
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Individual Documents: A Byzantine View of Papal Primacy |
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370 | (8) |
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Genoese Traders in Palestine |
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378 | (21) |
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An Age of Confidence, 1150-1215 |
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399 | (36) |
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Governments as Institutions |
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400 | (13) |
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Germany: The Revived Monarchy of Frederick Barbarossa |
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400 | (5) |
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England: Unity through Common Law |
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405 | (4) |
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France: Consolidation and Conquest |
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409 | (3) |
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Eastern Europe and Byzantium: Fragmenting Realms |
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412 | (1) |
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The Growth of a Vernacular High Culture |
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413 | (3) |
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The Troubadours: Poets of Love and Play |
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413 | (2) |
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The Literature of Epic and Romance |
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415 | (1) |
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New Lay and Religious Associations |
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416 | (5) |
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The Commercial Revolution Penetrates the Countryside |
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416 | (1) |
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Guilds for Commerce and Scholarship |
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417 | (2) |
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Religious Fervor and Dissent |
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419 | (2) |
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European Aggression Within and Without |
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421 | (10) |
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421 | (4) |
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425 | (1) |
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Disastrous Crusades to the Holy Land |
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425 | (3) |
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Victorious Crusades on the Borders of Europe |
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428 | (3) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (2) |
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Contrasting Views: Magna Carta |
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410 | (12) |
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New Sources, New Perspectives: The Cairo Geniza |
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422 | |
|
Individual Documents: Frederick's Reply to the Romans |
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402 | (26) |
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The Children's Crusade (1212) |
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428 | (7) |
|
The Medieval Search for Order and Harmony, 1215-1320 |
|
|
435 | (32) |
|
The Church's Mission of Reform |
|
|
436 | (7) |
|
Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215 |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (4) |
|
|
443 | (7) |
|
Scholasticism: Harmonizing Faith and Reason |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
New Syntheses in Writing and Music |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
The Gothic Revolution in Art and Architecture |
|
|
446 | (4) |
|
|
450 | (11) |
|
The Weakening of the Empire |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
Louis IX and a New Ideal of Kingship |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
The Birth of Representative Institutions |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
The Weakening of the Papacy |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: The Peasants of Montaillou |
|
|
440 | (6) |
|
Individual Documents: The Debate Between Reason and the Lover |
|
|
446 | (9) |
|
Municipal Legislation at Pisa (1286) |
|
|
455 | (12) |
|
The Crisis of Late Medieval Society, 1320-1430 |
|
|
467 | (38) |
|
Political Crises across Europe |
|
|
468 | (14) |
|
The Changing Nature of Warfare |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
The Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453 |
|
|
469 | (7) |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
Imperial Fragmentation and Eastern European State Building |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
Multiethnic States on the Frontiers |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
|
482 | (6) |
|
Rise and Spread of the Plague |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
Responses to the Plague: Flagellants and Anti-Semitism |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Consequences of the Plague |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Challenges to Spiritual Authority |
|
|
488 | (5) |
|
The Papal Monarchy and Its Critics |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
The Great Schism, 1378-1417 |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
The Social Order and Cultural Change |
|
|
493 | (7) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
The Flourishing of Vernacular Literature and the Birth of Humanism |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Views: Joan of Arc: Who Was ``The Maid''? |
|
|
474 | (20) |
|
Individual Documents: Piers the Ploughman |
|
|
494 | (4) |
|
The Book of the City of Ladies (1405) |
|
|
498 | (7) |
|
Renaissance Europe, 1400-1500 |
|
|
505 | (42) |
|
Widening Intellectual Horizons |
|
|
506 | (4) |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (7) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Order through Perspective |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
The Intersection of Private and Public Lives |
|
|
517 | (4) |
|
Renaissance Social Hierarchy |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
The Regulation of Sexuality |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
The Renaissance State and the Art of Politics |
|
|
521 | (10) |
|
Republics and Principalities in Italy |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (6) |
|
On the Threshold of World History: Widening Geographic Horizons |
|
|
531 | (10) |
|
The Divided Mediterranean |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Europeans in the New World |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
|
544 | (3) |
|
Terms of History: Renaissance |
|
|
508 | (26) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Portuguese Voyages of Discovery |
|
|
534 | |
|
Individual Documents: A Merchant's Advice to His Sons |
|
|
518 | (20) |
|
Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493) |
|
|
538 | (9) |
|
The Struggle for Reformation Europe, 1500-1560 |
|
|
547 | (34) |
|
A New Heaven and a New Earth |
|
|
548 | (4) |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
|
552 | (7) |
|
Martin Luther and the German Nation |
|
|
552 | (4) |
|
Huldrych Zwingli and the Swiss Confederation |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
John Calvin and Christian Discipline |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
Reshaping Society through Religion |
|
|
559 | (6) |
|
Challenging the Social Order |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
|
561 | (4) |
|
|
565 | (8) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Art and the Christian Knight |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
Wars among Habsburgs, Valois, and Ottomans |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
The Finance and Technologies of War |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
|
573 | (4) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic? |
|
|
554 | |
|
Individual Documents: Thomas More, Utopia (1516) |
|
|
551 | (5) |
|
Erasmus Writes to Martin Luther (1519) |
|
|
556 | (25) |
|
A Century of Crisis, 1560--1648 |
|
|
581 | (40) |
|
Religious Conflicts and State Power, 1560--1618 |
|
|
582 | (15) |
|
French Wars of Religion, 1562--1598 |
|
|
582 | (4) |
|
Challenges to Spanish Power |
|
|
586 | (3) |
|
Elizabeth I's Defense of English Protestantism |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe |
|
|
590 | (7) |
|
The Thirty Years' War and the Balance of Power, 1618--1648 |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Origins and Course of the War |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Constant Fighting |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
The Peace of Westphalia, 1648 |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
Economic Crisis and Realignment |
|
|
597 | (9) |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Consequences for Daily Life |
|
|
599 | (4) |
|
The Economic Balance of Power |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
|
606 | (11) |
|
The Arts in an Age of Crisis |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
The Natural Laws of Politics |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
Origins of the Scientific Revolution |
|
|
610 | (5) |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Tree Rings and the Little Ice Age |
|
|
600 | (10) |
|
Did You Know? The Gregorian Calendar (1582) |
|
|
610 | (84) |
|
Individual Documents: The Horrors of the Thirty Years' War |
|
|
694 | |
|
Galileo Writes to Kepler About Their Common Interests in Astronomy |
|
|
613 | (8) |
|
State Building and the Search for Order, 1648--1690 |
|
|
621 | (44) |
|
Louis XIV: Model of Absolutism |
|
|
622 | (8) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism |
|
|
624 | (2) |
|
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad |
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe |
|
|
630 | (6) |
|
Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden: Militaristic Absolutism |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
Russia: Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Constitutionalism in England |
|
|
636 | (9) |
|
England Turned Upside Down, 1642--1660 |
|
|
637 | (6) |
|
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
Constitutionalism in the Dutch Republic and the Overseas Colonies |
|
|
645 | (4) |
|
|
645 | (3) |
|
Freedom and Slavery in the New World |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture |
|
|
649 | (12) |
|
Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Newton and the Consolidation of the Scientific Revolution |
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
Freedom and Order in the Arts |
|
|
653 | (3) |
|
|
656 | (2) |
|
Reforming Popular Culture |
|
|
658 | (3) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Views: The English Civil War |
|
|
640 | (7) |
|
Did You Know? Tobacco and the Invention of ``smoking'' |
|
|
647 | (7) |
|
Individual Documents: John Milton's Defense of Freedom of the Press |
|
|
654 | (5) |
|
|
659 | (6) |
|
The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1690--1740 |
|
|
665 | (42) |
|
The Atlantic System and the World Economy |
|
|
667 | (9) |
|
Slavery and the Atlantic System |
|
|
667 | (6) |
|
World Trade and Settlement |
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
The Birth of Consumer Society |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
New Social and Cultural Patterns |
|
|
676 | (7) |
|
|
676 | (2) |
|
Social Life in the Cities |
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
The Growth of a Literate Public |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (3) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Consolidation of the European State System |
|
|
683 | (12) |
|
The Limits of French Absolutism |
|
|
684 | (2) |
|
British Rise and Dutch Decline |
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
Russia's Emergence as a European Power |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
The Balance of Power in the East |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Numbers |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
Public Hygiene and Health Care |
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
The Birth of the Enlightenment |
|
|
695 | (7) |
|
Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion |
|
|
695 | (3) |
|
Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
Raising the Woman Question |
|
|
700 | (2) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (2) |
|
|
704 | (3) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Oral History and the Life of Slaves |
|
|
672 | (24) |
|
Terms of History: Progress |
|
|
696 | |
|
Individual Documents: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Smallpox Inoculation in the Ottoman Empire |
|
|
694 | (5) |
|
Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733) |
|
|
699 | (8) |
|
The Promise of Enlightenment, 1740--1789 |
|
|
707 | (40) |
|
The Enlightenment at Its Height |
|
|
708 | (14) |
|
Men and Women of the Republic of Letters |
|
|
709 | (3) |
|
Conflicts with Church and State |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
The Individual and Society |
|
|
713 | (4) |
|
Spreading the Enlightenment |
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment |
|
|
722 | (7) |
|
The Nobility's Reassertion of Privilege |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite |
|
|
723 | (3) |
|
|
726 | (2) |
|
The Roots of Industrialization |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
State Power in an Era of Reform |
|
|
729 | (7) |
|
|
730 | (3) |
|
|
733 | (2) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Rebellions against State Power |
|
|
736 | (6) |
|
Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
Public Opinion and Political Opposition |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Revolution in North America |
|
|
739 | (3) |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
743 | (2) |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
Terms of History: Enlightenment |
|
|
710 | (4) |
|
Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment |
|
|
714 | (4) |
|
Individual Documents: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the Social Contract (1762) |
|
|
718 | (22) |
|
Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) |
|
|
740 | (7) |
|
The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789--1800 |
|
|
747 | (40) |
|
The Revolutionary Wave, 1787--1789 |
|
|
748 | (9) |
|
Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland |
|
|
749 | (3) |
|
Origins of the French Revolution, 1787--1789 |
|
|
752 | (5) |
|
From Monarchy to Republic, 1789--1793 |
|
|
757 | (6) |
|
The Revolution of Rights and Reason |
|
|
757 | (4) |
|
|
761 | (2) |
|
|
763 | (7) |
|
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety |
|
|
763 | (2) |
|
The Republic of Virtue, 1793--1794 |
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror, 1794--1799 |
|
|
768 | (2) |
|
|
770 | (12) |
|
|
770 | (3) |
|
European Reactions to Revolutionary Change |
|
|
773 | (3) |
|
Poland Extinguished, 1793--1795 |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Revolution in the Colonies |
|
|
777 | (3) |
|
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
783 | (2) |
|
|
785 | (2) |
|
Terms of History: Revolution |
|
|
750 | (24) |
|
Contrasting Views: Consequences of the French Revolution |
|
|
774 | |
|
Individual Documents: The Rights of Minorities |
|
|
758 | (20) |
|
Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade (February 5, 1790) |
|
|
778 | (9) |
|
Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800--1830 |
|
|
787 | (42) |
|
Napoleon's Authoritarian State |
|
|
788 | (7) |
|
|
789 | (3) |
|
The New Paternalism: The Civil Code |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life |
|
|
793 | (2) |
|
``Europe Was at My Feet'': Napoleon's Conquests |
|
|
795 | (10) |
|
The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800--1807 |
|
|
795 | (5) |
|
The Impact of French Victories |
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812--1815 |
|
|
802 | (3) |
|
The ``Restoration'' of Europe |
|
|
805 | (5) |
|
The Congress of Vienna, 1814--1815 |
|
|
805 | (3) |
|
The Emergence of Conservatism |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Forces for Social and Cultural Change |
|
|
810 | (9) |
|
Industrial and Urban Growth in Britain |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
|
811 | (4) |
|
|
815 | (4) |
|
Political Challenges to the Conservative Order |
|
|
819 | (6) |
|
Political Revolts in the 1820s |
|
|
819 | (4) |
|
Revolution and Reform, 1830--1832 |
|
|
823 | (2) |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
827 | (2) |
|
Did You Know? How the Orient Became Oriental |
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Views: Napoleon: for and Against |
|
|
796 | (8) |
|
Individual Documents: An Ordinary Soldier on Campaign with Napoleon |
|
|
804 | (12) |
|
|
816 | (13) |
|
Industrialization, Urbanization, and Revolution, 1830--1850 |
|
|
829 | (44) |
|
The Advance of Industrialization and Urbanization |
|
|
830 | (10) |
|
|
831 | (4) |
|
Urbanization and Its Consequences |
|
|
835 | (4) |
|
Agricultural Perils and Prosperity |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
Reforming the Social Order |
|
|
840 | (9) |
|
Cultural Responses to the Social Question |
|
|
840 | (4) |
|
The Varieties of Social Reform |
|
|
844 | (3) |
|
Abuses and Reforms Overseas |
|
|
847 | (2) |
|
The Ferment of Ideologies |
|
|
849 | (9) |
|
|
849 | (4) |
|
Liberalism in Economics and Politics |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
Socialism and the Early Labor Movement |
|
|
854 | (3) |
|
The New Historical Imagination |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
858 | (11) |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Another French Revolution |
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
Nationalist Revolution in Italy |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe |
|
|
863 | (3) |
|
|
866 | (3) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (2) |
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Statistics and the Standard of Living of the Working Class |
|
|
836 | (14) |
|
Did You Know? Opium Addiction in Nineteenth-Century Britain |
|
|
850 | |
|
Individual Documents: A Romantic Poet Mourns the Fate of the Workers |
|
|
841 | (15) |
|
Marx and Engels, the Communist Manifesto |
|
|
856 | (17) |
|
Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, c. 1850--1870 |
|
|
873 | (42) |
|
The End of the Concert of Europe |
|
|
875 | (6) |
|
Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory |
|
|
875 | (2) |
|
The Crimean War, 1853--1856: Turning Point in European Affairs |
|
|
877 | (2) |
|
Spirit of Reform in Russia |
|
|
879 | (2) |
|
|
881 | (10) |
|
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification |
|
|
883 | (4) |
|
Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
Civil War and Nation Building in the United States and Canada |
|
|
889 | (2) |
|
Establishing Social Order |
|
|
891 | (8) |
|
Bringing Order to the Cities |
|
|
891 | (2) |
|
Expanding the Reach of Bureaucracy |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
Schooling and Professionalizing Society |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
Spreading Western Order beyond the West |
|
|
895 | (4) |
|
The Culture of Social Order |
|
|
899 | (7) |
|
The Arts Confront Social Reality |
|
|
900 | (3) |
|
Religion and Secular Order |
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
From Natural Science to Social Science |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
Contesting the Growing Power of the Nation-State |
|
|
906 | (5) |
|
|
906 | (2) |
|
The Paris Commune versus the French State |
|
|
908 | (3) |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
911 | (2) |
|
|
913 | (2) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Photographs and Their Messages |
|
|
898 | |
|
Individual Documents: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale |
|
|
879 | (7) |
|
Bismarck Tricks the Public to Get His War |
|
|
886 | (29) |
|
Industry, Empire, and Everyday Life, 1870--1890 |
|
|
915 | (44) |
|
|
917 | (7) |
|
|
917 | (3) |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
Revolution in Business Practices |
|
|
921 | (3) |
|
|
924 | (9) |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
|
925 | (3) |
|
Acquiring Territory in Asia |
|
|
928 | (2) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
The Paradoxes of Imperialism |
|
|
931 | (2) |
|
The Transformation of Culture and Society |
|
|
933 | (12) |
|
The ``Best'' Circles and the Expanding Middle Class |
|
|
933 | (3) |
|
Professional Sports and Organized Leisure |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Working People's Strategies |
|
|
937 | (2) |
|
Reform Efforts for Working-Class People |
|
|
939 | (3) |
|
Artistic Responses to Industrial and Imperial Change |
|
|
942 | (3) |
|
The Birth of Mass Politics |
|
|
945 | (9) |
|
Workers, Politics, and Protest |
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe |
|
|
947 | (3) |
|
Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe |
|
|
950 | (4) |
|
|
954 | (2) |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (2) |
|
Did You Know? Polo and Social Class |
|
|
935 | (5) |
|
Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration |
|
|
940 | |
|
Individual Documents: Imperialism's Popularity Among the People |
|
|
929 | (14) |
|
Henrik Ibsen, a Doll's House |
|
|
943 | (16) |
|
Modernity and the Road to War, c. 1890--1914 |
|
|
959 | (44) |
|
Private Life in the Modern Age |
|
|
960 | (10) |
|
|
961 | (3) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity |
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
Sciences of the Modern Self |
|
|
966 | (4) |
|
Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas |
|
|
970 | (5) |
|
The Challenge to Positivism |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
971 | (1) |
|
|
972 | (2) |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
Growing Tensions in Mass Politics |
|
|
975 | (10) |
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage |
|
|
977 | (2) |
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics |
|
|
980 | (5) |
|
European Imperialism Contested |
|
|
985 | (7) |
|
|
985 | (3) |
|
The Russian Empire Threatened |
|
|
988 | (2) |
|
Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination |
|
|
990 | (2) |
|
|
992 | (7) |
|
Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (3) |
|
|
997 | (2) |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
|
999 | (2) |
|
|
1001 | (2) |
|
|
962 | (6) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Psychohistory and its Lessons |
|
|
968 | (16) |
|
Individual Documents: Leon Pinsker Calls for a Jewish State |
|
|
984 | (12) |
|
A Historian Promotes Militant Nationalism |
|
|
996 | (7) |
|
War, Revolution, and Reconstruction, 1914--1929 |
|
|
1003 | (46) |
|
The Great War, 1914--1918 |
|
|
1004 | (10) |
|
|
1004 | (2) |
|
|
1006 | (5) |
|
|
1011 | (3) |
|
Protest, Revolution, and War's End, 1917--1918 |
|
|
1014 | (6) |
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
|
1014 | (5) |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution |
|
|
1020 | (8) |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
The Paris Peace Conference, 1919--1920 |
|
|
1021 | (5) |
|
Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace |
|
|
1026 | (2) |
|
A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s |
|
|
1028 | (6) |
|
Changes in the Political Landscape |
|
|
1028 | (3) |
|
Reconstructing the Economy |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
1032 | (2) |
|
Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators |
|
|
1034 | (9) |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
Cultural Debates over the Future |
|
|
1035 | (4) |
|
|
1039 | (2) |
|
Fascism on the March in Italy |
|
|
1041 | (2) |
|
|
1043 | (2) |
|
|
1045 | (2) |
|
|
1047 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Views: Arguing with the Victors |
|
|
1024 | |
|
Individual Documents: Outbreak of the Russian Revolution |
|
|
1018 | (20) |
|
Virginia Woolf's Orlando (1928) |
|
|
1038 | (11) |
|
An Age of Catastrophes, 1929--1945 |
|
|
1049 | (48) |
|
|
1050 | (5) |
|
Economic Disaster Strikes |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
Social Effects of the Depression |
|
|
1051 | (2) |
|
The Great Depression beyond the West |
|
|
1053 | (2) |
|
|
1055 | (9) |
|
|
1055 | (5) |
|
|
1060 | (2) |
|
The Nazification of German Politics |
|
|
1062 | (1) |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
Democracies on the Defensive |
|
|
1064 | (5) |
|
Confronting the Economic Crisis |
|
|
1065 | (3) |
|
Cultural Visions in Hard Times |
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
|
1069 | (8) |
|
A Surge in Global Imperialism |
|
|
1070 | (3) |
|
The Spanish Civil War, 1936--1939 |
|
|
1073 | (2) |
|
Hitler's Conquest of Central Europe, 1938--1939 |
|
|
1075 | (2) |
|
|
1077 | (14) |
|
|
1077 | (1) |
|
War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
The War against Civilians |
|
|
1079 | (3) |
|
|
1082 | (3) |
|
From Resistance to Allied Victory |
|
|
1085 | (5) |
|
An Uneasy Postwar Settlement |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
|
1091 | (2) |
|
|
1093 | (2) |
|
|
1095 | (2) |
|
Terms of History: Totalitarianism |
|
|
1056 | (26) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Museums and Memory |
|
|
1082 | |
|
Individual Documents: The War on Kulaks |
|
|
1058 | (14) |
|
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
|
|
1072 | (25) |
|
Remaking Europe in the Shadow of Cold War, c. 1945--1965 |
|
|
1097 | (42) |
|
World Politics Transformed |
|
|
1098 | (10) |
|
|
1099 | (2) |
|
New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union |
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
|
1102 | (4) |
|
|
1106 | (2) |
|
Political and Economic Recovery in Europe |
|
|
1108 | (10) |
|
Dealing with the Nazi Past |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
|
1109 | (4) |
|
The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West |
|
|
1113 | (3) |
|
|
1116 | (2) |
|
Decolonization in a Cold War Climate |
|
|
1118 | (7) |
|
The End of Empire in Asia |
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East |
|
|
1120 | (2) |
|
|
1122 | (1) |
|
The Arrival of New Europeans |
|
|
1123 | (2) |
|
Cultural Life on the Brink of Nuclear War |
|
|
1125 | (10) |
|
Restoring ``Western'' Values |
|
|
1125 | (2) |
|
Rising Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms |
|
|
1127 | (3) |
|
|
1130 | (3) |
|
Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Atomic Brink |
|
|
1133 | (2) |
|
|
1135 | (1) |
|
|
1135 | (2) |
|
|
1137 | (2) |
|
New Sources, New Perspectives: Government Archives and the Truth About the Cold War |
|
|
1104 | (10) |
|
Individual Documents: The Schuman Plan on European Unity (1950) |
|
|
1114 | (15) |
|
Consumerism, Youth, and the Birth of the Generation Gap |
|
|
1129 | (10) |
|
Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1965--1989 |
|
|
1139 | (46) |
|
The Revolution in Technology |
|
|
1140 | (6) |
|
The Information Age: Television and Computers |
|
|
1140 | (3) |
|
|
1143 | (1) |
|
Revolutions in Biology, Reproductive Technology, and Sexual Behavior |
|
|
1144 | (2) |
|
Postindustrial Society and Culture |
|
|
1146 | (9) |
|
Multinational Corporations |
|
|
1146 | (2) |
|
|
1148 | (2) |
|
The Boom in Education and Research |
|
|
1150 | (1) |
|
A Redefined Family and a Generation Gap |
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society |
|
|
1152 | (3) |
|
Protesting Cold War Conditions |
|
|
1155 | (11) |
|
Cracks in the Cold War Order |
|
|
1155 | (3) |
|
The Explosion of Civic Activism |
|
|
1158 | (5) |
|
|
1163 | (3) |
|
The Erosion of Superpower Mastery Ends the Cold War |
|
|
1166 | (13) |
|
The West, the World, and the Politics of Energy |
|
|
1166 | (2) |
|
The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform |
|
|
1168 | (5) |
|
Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc |
|
|
1173 | (6) |
|
|
1179 | (2) |
|
|
1181 | (2) |
|
|
1183 | (2) |
|
Terms of History: Postindustrial |
|
|
1147 | (13) |
|
Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates |
|
|
1160 | (12) |
|
Individual Documents: Margaret Thatcher's Economic Vision |
|
|
1172 | (3) |
|
Mikhail Gorbachev on Reform in the USSR |
|
|
1175 | (10) |
|
The New Globalism: Opportunities and Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present |
|
|
1185 | |
|
Soviet Collapse Releases Global Forces |
|
|
1187 | (9) |
|
The Breakup of Yugoslavia |
|
|
1188 | (2) |
|
The Soviet Union Comes Apart |
|
|
1190 | (3) |
|
An Elusive Market Economy |
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
Chechnya and Central Asian States: The Quest for Independence and Influence |
|
|
1194 | (2) |
|
Global Opportunities Transcend the Nation-State |
|
|
1196 | (6) |
|
Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State |
|
|
1196 | (4) |
|
Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
Global Challenges and Discontents |
|
|
1202 | (9) |
|
|
1202 | (2) |
|
|
1204 | (2) |
|
|
1206 | (1) |
|
|
1207 | (2) |
|
The Rise of the Pacific Economy |
|
|
1209 | (2) |
|
Global Culture and Society in the New Millennium |
|
|
1211 | (9) |
|
Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration |
|
|
1211 | (3) |
|
Global Networks and the Economy |
|
|
1214 | (2) |
|
The Global Diffusion of Culture |
|
|
1216 | (4) |
|
Conclusion: The Making of the West Continues |
|
|
1220 | (2) |
|
|
1222 | (2) |
|
|
1224 | |
|
Contrasting Views: The Debate Over Globalization |
|
|
1212 | |
|
Individual Documents: Vaclav Havel, ``Czechoslovakia is Returning to Europe'' |
|
|
1199 | (4) |
|
Petra Kelly, Activist for the Green Party |
|
|
1203 | |
Appendix: Useful Facts and Figures |
|
1 | (1) |
Glossary of Key Terms |
|
1 | (1) |
Index |
|
1 | |