Preface to the Fifth Edition
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 PRESENT AND PAST; SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE
1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive
1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms
1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs)
1-4 Simple Past Tense
1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive
1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was/Were Going To
Chapter 2 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
2-1 Regular and Irregular Verbs
2-2 Irregular Verb List
2-3 Present Perfect: Since and For
2-4 Present Perfect: Unspecified Time and Repeated Events
2-5 Have and Has in Spoken English
2-6 Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
2-7 Present Perfect Progressive
2-8 Past Perfect
2-9 Hadin Spoken English
2-10 Past Perfect Progressive
Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME
3-1 Simple Future: Forms of Will and Be Going To
3-2 Will vs. Be Going To
3-3 Expressing the Future in Time Clauses
3-4 Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time
3-5 Future Progressive
3-6 Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive
Chapter 4 REVIEW OF VERB TENSES
Chapter 5 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
5-1 Final -s/-es: Use and Spelling
5-2 Basic Subject-Verb Agreement
5-3 Collective Nouns
5-4 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity
5-5 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using There + Be
5-6 Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities
Chapter 6 NOUNS
6-1 Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns
6-2 Nouns as Adjectives
6-3 Possessive Nouns
6-4 More About Expressing Possession
6-5 Count and Noncount Nouns
6-6 Noncount Nouns
6-7 Some Common Noncount Nouns
6-8 Expressions of Quantity Used with Count and Noncount Nouns
6-9 Using A Few and Few; A Little and Little
6-10 Singular Expressions of Quantity: One, Each, Every
6-11 Using Of in Expressions of Quantity
Chapter 7 ARTICLES
7-1 Articles (A, An, The) with Indefinite and Definite Nouns
7-2 Articles: Generic Nouns
7-3 Descriptive Information with Definite and Indefinite Nouns
7-4 General Guidelines for Article Usage
7-5 Using The or Ø with Titles and Geographic Names
Chapter 8 PRONOUNS
8-1 Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives
8-2 Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns
8-3 Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns
8-4 Reflexive Pronouns
8-5 Using You, One, and They as Impersonal Pronouns
8-6 Forms of Other
8-7 Common Expressions with Other
Chapter 9 MODALS, PART 1
9-1 Basic Modal Introduction
9-2 Expressing Necessity: Must, Have To, Have Got To
9-3 Lack of Necessity (Not Have To) and Prohibition (Must Not)
9-4 Advisability/Suggestions: Should, Ought To, Had Better, Could
9-5 Expectation: Be Supposed To/Should
9-6 Ability: Can, Know How To, and Be Able To
9-7 Possibility: Can, May, Might
9-8 Requests and Responses with Modals
9-9 Polite Requests with Would You Mind
9-10 Making Suggestions: Let’s, Why Don’t, Shall I /We
Chapter 10 MODALS, PART 2
10-1 Using Would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past
10-2 Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advice, Expectation
10-3 Expressing Past Ability
10-4 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time
10-5 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative
10-6 Degrees of Certainty: Past Time
10-7 Degrees of Certainty: Future Time
10-8 Progressive Forms of Modals
10-9 Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals
10-10 Expressing Preference: Would Rather
10-11 Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions
Chapter 11 THE PASSIVE
11-1 Active vs. Passive
11-2 Tense Forms of the Passive
11-3 Using the Passive
11-4 The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals
11-5 Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive
11-6 Common Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive Verbs + Prepositions
11-7 The Passive with Get
11-8 -ed/-ing Adjectives
Chapter 12 NOUN CLAUSES
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Noun Clauses with Question Words
12-3 Noun Clauses with Whether or If
12-4 Question Words Followed by Infinitives
12-5 Noun Clauses with That
12-6 Quoted Speech
12-7 Reported Speech
12-8 Reported Speech: Modal Verbs in Noun Clauses
12-9 The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses
Chapter 13 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
13-1 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject
13-2 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb
13-3 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition
13-4 Using Whose
13-5 Using Wherein Adjective Clauses
13-6 Using Whenin Adjective Clauses
13-7 Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns
13-8 Punctuating Adjective Clauses
13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
13-10 Using Which to Modify a Whole Sentence
13-11 Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases
Chapter 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1
14-1 Gerunds and Infinitives: Introduction
14-2 Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds
14-3 Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives
14-4 Infinitives with Objects
14-5 Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds
14-6 Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions
14-7 Go + Gerund
14-8 Special Expressions Followed by -ing
14-9 It + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects
14-10 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives
14-11 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds
14-12 Reference List of Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds
Chapter 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2
15-1 Infinitive of Purpose: In Order To
15-2 Adjectives Followed by Infinitives
15-3 Using Infinitives with Too and Enough
15-4 Passive Infinitives and Gerunds: Present
15-5 Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds
15-6 Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following Need
15-7 Using Verbs of Perception
15-8 Using the Simple Form After Let and Help
15-9 Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get
15-10 Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund
Chapter 16 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
16-1 Parallel Structure
16-2 Parallel Structure: Using Commas
16-3 Punctuation for Independent Clauses; Connecting Them with And and But
16-4 Paired Conjunctions: Both . . . And; Not Only . . . But Also; Either . . . Or; Neither . . . Nor
Chapter 17 ADVERB CLAUSES
17-1 Introduction
17-2 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships
17-3 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect
17-4 Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though
17-5 Showing Direct Contrast: While
17-6 Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: If-Clauses
17-7 Shortened If-Clauses
17-8 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether or Not and Even If
17-9 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case
17-10 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Unless
17-11 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If
Chapter 18 REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
18-1 Introduction
18-2 Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-3 Expressing the Idea of “During the Same Time” in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-4 Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
18-5 Using Upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
Chapter 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION
19-1 Introduction
19-2 Using Because Of and Due To
19-3 Cause and Effect: Using Therefore, Consequently, and So
19-4 Summary of Patterns and Punctuation
19-5 Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Such . . . That and So . . . That
19-6 Expressing Purpose: Using So That
19-7 Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)
19-8 Showing Direct Contrast
19-9 Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and Or (Else)
Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES
20-1 Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences
20-2 Expressing Real Conditions in the Present or Future
20-3 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future
20-4 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Past
20-5 Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences
20-6 Using “Mixed Time” in Conditional Sentences
20-7 Omitting If
20-8 Implied Conditions
20-9 Wishes About thePresent and Past
20-10 Wishes About the Future; Use of Wish + Would
Appendix SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR CHARTS
Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology
A-1 Subjects, Verbs, and Objects
A-2 Adjectives
A-3 Adverbs
A-4 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
A-5 Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Adverbs
Unit B: Questions
B-1 Forms of Yes /No and Information Questions
B-2 Question Words
B-3 Shortened Yes/No Questions
B-4 Negative Questions
B-5 Tag Questions
Unit C: Contractions
Unit D: Negatives
D-1 Using Not and Other Negative Words
D-2 Avoiding Double Negatives
D-3 Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word
Unit E: Verbs
E-1 The Verb Be
E-2 Spelling of -ing and -ed Verb Forms
E-3 Overview of Verb Tenses
E-4 Summary of Verb Tenses
E-5 Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings
E-6 Pronunciation of Final -s in Verbs and Nouns
E-7 Linking Verbs
E-8 Troublesome Verbs: Raise/Rise, Set/Sit, Lay/Lie
E-9 Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical Reference List
Listening Script
Index
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