Preface |
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xi | |
Part One Setting the Stage |
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Chapter 1 The Scope of Social Gerontology |
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2 | (22) |
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2 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Biological, Psychological, Social Psychological, and Social Aging |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Defining the Aging and the Older Populations |
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6 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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Social Gerontology Is a Unique Field of Study |
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10 | (9) |
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Concepts and Theoretical Perspectives |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Careers in the Field of Aging |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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23 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 The Demography of Aging |
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24 | (20) |
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24 | (6) |
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24 | (2) |
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Proportion of Older People |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Growth of the Older Population |
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30 | (1) |
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Composition of the Older Population |
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31 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Geographic Distribution of the Older Population |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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Population Processes and the Older Population |
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36 | (6) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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43 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 The History of Aging in America |
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44 | (33) |
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45 | (6) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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Aging in Colonial America |
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48 | (3) |
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From the Revolution to the Civil War |
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51 | (5) |
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The Beginnings of Industrialization |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (4) |
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56 | (1) |
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Ideology of Material Progress |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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Changing Ways of Doing Work |
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60 | (1) |
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Age Discrimination and Poverty |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (4) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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Growth of Programs for Elders |
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67 | (1) |
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Inequities Amid Affluence |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Legislation on Behalf of Older People |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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Modernization Theory Revisited |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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76 | (1) |
Part Two Basic Aspects of Individual Aging |
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77 | (110) |
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Chapter 4 Physical Aging and Health |
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78 | (22) |
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78 | (4) |
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80 | (1) |
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Cross-Links and Free Radicals |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Summary of Physical Aging |
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82 | (1) |
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Physical Consequences of Aging |
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82 | (16) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Stature, Mobility, and Coordination |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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Aging and Physical Health |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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99 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Psychological Aspects of Aging |
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100 | (37) |
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Aging and Specific Psychological Function |
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100 | (20) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (8) |
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Practical Implications of Research into Mental Functioning |
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111 | (5) |
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Drives, Motives, and Emotions |
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116 | (2) |
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Orientations: Time and Control |
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118 | (2) |
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Adult Development: Personality, Self, and Life Structure |
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120 | (11) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (3) |
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Age Changes in Personality |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Defending Personality and the Self |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Social Aspects of Individual Aging |
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137 | (26) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (3) |
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How Aging Affects Social Roles |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (6) |
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Dimensions of the Life Course |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Socialization and Acculturation |
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146 | (1) |
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Role Anticipation and Adaptation |
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147 | (1) |
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Social Factors in Individual Development |
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148 | (1) |
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Aging and Changes in Social Context |
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149 | (8) |
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149 | (7) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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162 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Adaptation to Aging |
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163 | (24) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (4) |
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General Strategies for Coping |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (8) |
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Adapting to Changes on the Job |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Adapting to Chronic Illness and Disability |
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169 | (2) |
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Adapting to Increased Dependency |
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171 | (1) |
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Adapting to Lost Roles or Activities |
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171 | (3) |
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Coping with Threats to Self-Concept and Self-Esteem |
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174 | (2) |
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Adapting to Positive Changes in Roles and Life Goals |
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176 | (1) |
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Escape Rather Than Adaptation |
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176 | (4) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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185 | (2) |
Part Three Aging in Domains of Everyday Life |
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187 | (150) |
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Chapter 8 Family, Friends, and Social Support |
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188 | (47) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (37) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (8) |
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201 | (1) |
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Older People Not in Couples |
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201 | (1) |
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Older Parents and Adult Children |
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202 | (10) |
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Adult Children as Caregivers |
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212 | (5) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (4) |
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Factors Influencing Friendship |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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234 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Employment and Retirement |
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235 | (36) |
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Declining Labor Force Participation in Middle and Later Life |
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236 | (2) |
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Employment Problems of Older Workers |
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238 | (5) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (3) |
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The Changing Link Between People and Jobs |
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245 | (1) |
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The Evolution and Institutionalization of Retirement |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (14) |
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Aging and Attitudes Toward Jobs and Employment |
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247 | (2) |
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Attitudes Toward Retirement |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (5) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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Effects of Retirement on Individuals |
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261 | (6) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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Differences by Race and Gender |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (3) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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270 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Activities and Lifestyles |
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271 | (23) |
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Concepts about Activities |
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272 | (3) |
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Continuity and Activities |
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273 | (2) |
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Activities in Middle Adulthood |
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275 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Gender, Social Class, and Ethnicity |
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276 | (1) |
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Aging and Changes in Activities |
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277 | (5) |
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Completion of Child Rearing |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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A Move to Congregate Housing |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (9) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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What Activities Are Desirable for Older People? |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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293 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Religion and Spirituality |
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294 | (22) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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Attending Religious Services |
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300 | (1) |
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Informal Religious Behavior |
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301 | (1) |
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Subjective Elements of Religion and Spirituality |
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302 | (3) |
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Conceptions of Spiritual Development |
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305 | (3) |
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Effects of Religion and Spirituality |
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308 | (5) |
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313 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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314 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Dying, Death, Bereavement, and Widowhood |
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316 | (21) |
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317 | (3) |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (4) |
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The Role of the Dying Person |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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Needs and Tasks of the Dying Person |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (6) |
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329 | (4) |
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333 | (1) |
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Comparisons Between Widows and Widowers |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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335 | (2) |
Part Four Aging Affects Needs and Resources |
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337 | (86) |
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Chapter 13 Income and Housing |
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339 | (29) |
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339 | (14) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (3) |
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343 | (6) |
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Income Problems and Aging |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (12) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (3) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Who Has Housing Problems? |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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367 | (1) |
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Chapter 14 Health Care and Long-Term Care |
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368 | (36) |
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368 | (6) |
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369 | (2) |
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Types of Health-Care Problems |
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371 | (1) |
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Who Has Health-Care Problems? |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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Medication Management Problems |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (12) |
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374 | (3) |
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Medicare Diagnostic Related Groups |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (3) |
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Gaps in Financing for Health Care |
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385 | (1) |
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Long-Term Care (Personal Care) |
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386 | (4) |
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387 | (2) |
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The Future of Personal Care Service Delivery |
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389 | (1) |
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Health and Personal Care Service Integration |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (2) |
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Regulation of Health Care and Long-Term Care |
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392 | (4) |
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Regulating the Quality of Care |
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392 | (2) |
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Regulating the Cost of Care |
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394 | (2) |
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Health Care: An Agenda for Change |
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396 | (4) |
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396 | (2) |
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The Structure of Advocacy |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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402 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Community Social Services |
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404 | (19) |
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The Organization and Financing of Social Services |
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405 | (1) |
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The Older Americans Act (OAA) |
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405 | (4) |
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The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) |
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409 | (1) |
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Older Americans Act Services |
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410 | (3) |
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Information and Access Services |
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410 | (1) |
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Assessment and Case Management Services |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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Services to Protect Elders' Rights |
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412 | (1) |
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Private Social Service Programs |
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413 | (1) |
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Challenges in Social Service Delivery |
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413 | (8) |
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The Effectiveness' of Nursing Home Ombudsman Programs |
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413 | (1) |
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Utilization of Senior Centers |
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414 | (1) |
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The Complex Problems of Elder Abuse and Neglect |
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414 | (3) |
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Guardianship and Conservatorship |
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417 | (1) |
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Access and Equity in the Allocation of Scarce Resources |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (3) |
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421 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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422 | (1) |
Part Five Aging and Society |
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423 | (128) |
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Chapter 16 Aging in Contemporary American Society and Culture |
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424 | (26) |
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The Nature of Society and Culture |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (13) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (3) |
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Aging as Portrayed in Mass Media |
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433 | (6) |
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Age Prejudice and Discrimination |
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439 | (3) |
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Exchange Theory and Age Discrimination |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (3) |
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446 | (2) |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (25) |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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The Economic Functions of Retirement |
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452 | (1) |
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The Economics of Retirement Income |
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453 | (1) |
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Sources of Retirement Income |
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453 | (6) |
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455 | (3) |
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The Tax System and Older Adults |
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458 | (1) |
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Retirement Income in the Future |
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459 | (3) |
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Is Population Aging Responsible for Today's Economic Woes? |
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461 | (1) |
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Financing Social Security |
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462 | (2) |
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Productivity and Older Adults |
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464 | (1) |
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Private Enterprise and the Aging Population |
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465 | (3) |
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Aging People as Employees |
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465 | (1) |
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Aging People as Consumers |
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465 | (3) |
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Economic Exploitation of Elders |
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468 | (3) |
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Aging People with Limited Resources |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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473 | (2) |
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Chapter 18 Social Inequality |
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475 | (23) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (2) |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (2) |
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478 | (3) |
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Class Mobility and Income Redistribution |
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481 | (2) |
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Dimensions of Disadvantage |
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483 | (11) |
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Poverty's Multiple Impacts |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (6) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (2) |
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493 | (1) |
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The Changing Composition of America's Older Population |
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494 | (1) |
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494 | (1) |
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Future Implications of Current Trends |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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496 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Politics and Government |
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498 | (27) |
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Overview of the U.S. Government |
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498 | (3) |
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The Nature of Political Activity |
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501 | (4) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (1) |
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505 | (15) |
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Older People as an Interest Group |
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505 | (2) |
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Advocacy for Older People |
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507 | (3) |
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Political Legitimacy and Utility |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (4) |
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515 | (1) |
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The Politics of Social Security |
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516 | (4) |
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520 | (2) |
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522 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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524 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 Epilogue: Aging and the Future |
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525 | (26) |
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Directions of Social Change |
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525 | (4) |
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Demographic Clues About the Future |
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529 | (2) |
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Aging of the Baby Boom Population |
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531 | (1) |
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The Future of Physical Aging |
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532 | (3) |
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The Impact of Biomedical Research |
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532 | (1) |
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Changing Patterns of Death and Illness |
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532 | (1) |
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Impact of the Wellness Movement |
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533 | (2) |
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The Future of Psychological Aging |
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535 | (2) |
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The Future of Social Aging |
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537 | (4) |
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Society's Future Response |
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541 | (5) |
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Major Policy Issues for the Future |
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542 | (4) |
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The Future of Social Gerontology |
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546 | (3) |
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The Need for Ongoing Research |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (1) |
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Jobs in the Field of Gerontology |
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548 | (1) |
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549 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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|
550 | (1) |
Glossary |
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551 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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555 | (34) |
Photo Credits |
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589 | (1) |
Index |
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590 | |