Foreword |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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xiii | |
Glossary of Terms |
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xv | |
A Roma Folk-Tale: The Cup of Gold Coins |
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xvii | |
Executive Summary |
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xix | |
Objectives of the Study |
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xix | |
Albanian Roma in a Regional Perspective |
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xix | |
Historical Background |
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xxi | |
Methodology |
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xxiii | |
Findings |
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xxv | |
Summary of Short-Term and Most Urgent Policy Recommendations |
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xli | |
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1 | (6) |
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Objectives and Methodology |
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2 | (5) |
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Historical Background: The Diversity of Roma and Egyptians |
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7 | (8) |
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The Origins of Roma and Egyptians |
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7 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Albania |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (12) |
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15 | (1) |
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Expressions of Culture and Identity |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (2) |
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Specific Roles of the Fis Leader |
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23 | (1) |
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Changes in the Social Organization of the Roma Fis over Time |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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Marriage and Family Planning |
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27 | (8) |
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Formal and Informal Family-Planning Education |
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30 | (1) |
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Effects of Early Marriage and Childbearing |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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Income and Living Standards |
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35 | (18) |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (10) |
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Decreasing Education Levels |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (4) |
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Parents' Suggestions for Improving Education for Roma Children |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (10) |
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Traditional Socio-Occupational Identities |
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64 | (4) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (1) |
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Migration and Remmittances |
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73 | (14) |
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Origins of International Migration |
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74 | (5) |
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Host Countries and Regions |
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79 | (1) |
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Forms of International Migration |
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80 | (4) |
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Effects of International Migration |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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Prostitution and Trafficking |
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87 | (14) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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The Effects of Prostitution: Remittances and Social and Economic Costs |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (14) |
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102 | (1) |
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Cognitive Social Capital: Trust and Solidarity |
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103 | (6) |
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Structural Social Capital |
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109 | (2) |
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Implications of Social Capital |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (18) |
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Albanian Roma Within a Regional Perspective |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (3) |
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Causes of Social Exclusion Identified by Roma and Egyptians |
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121 | (1) |
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Definitions of Relative Poverty |
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122 | (3) |
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Factors Contributing to Uncertainty and Vulnerability |
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125 | (4) |
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Perceptions of Roma and Egyptians about Discrimination |
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129 | (1) |
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Perceptions of Albanians about Roma and Egyptians |
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130 | (1) |
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Ways of Addressing Social Exclusion According to Roma and Egyptians |
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131 | (2) |
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Social Inclusion: Recommendations and Policy Implications |
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133 | (128) |
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Access to Public Goods and Services |
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134 | (3) |
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Market Opportunities and Employment |
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137 | (2) |
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Access to the Justice System |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Safety and Security of Livelihoods |
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140 | (1) |
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Social Capital, Voice, and Participation |
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141 | (1) |
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Roma Cultural Centers as a Means for Social Inclusion |
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141 | (1) |
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Summary of Short-Term and Most Urgent Policy Recommendations |
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142 | (5) |
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147 | (6) |
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B. Questionnaire on Needs Assessment of Roma and Egyptian Communities in Albania |
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153 | (24) |
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C. Focus Group Discussions |
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177 | (10) |
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D. Statistical Data, Tables, Graphs, and Flowcharts |
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187 | (12) |
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E. More Voices of Albania |
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199 | (20) |
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F. Selected Albanian Roma and Egyptian NGOs and Contact Information |
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219 | (2) |
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G. The Patrilineal Kinship Structure of One Roma Fis |
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221 | (2) |
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H. National Minorities in Albania |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (10) |
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K. From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion |
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237 | (10) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (8) |
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N. Dissemination Conference Material |
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257 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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261 | (4) |
Materials Used in Desk Review |
|
265 | |
Map |
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