Preface |
|
ix | |
|
Introduction to the Study of Stereotyping and Prejudice |
|
|
1 | (25) |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Stereotyping: From Bad to Neutral |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
The Social-Cognitive Definition |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Cultural and Individual Stereotypes |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Is a Stereotype an Attitude? |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Positive versus Negative Stereotypes |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
Prejudice as Negative Affect |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Prejudice as a ``Social Emotion'' |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
The Link Between Stereotyping and Prejudice |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Early Perspectives in Stereotyping Research |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Individual Differences in Stereotyping |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
The Social-Cognition Revolution |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
Cognitive-Consistency Theories |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
The Social-Cognition View of Stereotyping and Prejudice |
|
|
18 | (4) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Why the Emphasis on African American-White Intergroup Relations? |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
Origin and Maintenance of Stereotypes and Prejudice |
|
|
26 | (31) |
|
The Formation of Stereotypes |
|
|
26 | (12) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
The Efficiency of Stereotypes |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
How and Why Stereotypes Are Maintained |
|
|
38 | (8) |
|
Selective Attention to Stereotype-Relevant Information |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
|
46 | (8) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Realistic Conflict Theory |
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
|
54 | (3) |
|
Feeling versus Thinking in the Activation and Application of Stereotypes |
|
|
57 | (30) |
|
|
58 | (8) |
|
Types of Intergroup Affect |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
Influence of Positive Affect |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Effects of Negative Affect |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Motivational versus Cognitive Capacity Deficits |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (21) |
|
|
66 | (2) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
The Implicit Association Test |
|
|
71 | (8) |
|
|
79 | (4) |
|
Summary and Issues for Future Research |
|
|
83 | (4) |
|
The Prejudiced Personality: Are Some People More Likely to Feel Prejudice? |
|
|
87 | (25) |
|
Psychodynamic Perspectives |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
Character-Conditioned Prejudice |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
Problems with the Psychodynamic Approach |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Right-Wing Authoritarianism |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
|
94 | (5) |
|
Committed versus Consensual Religiosity |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Religious Orientation |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Need for Cognitive Closure |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Social-Dominance Orientation |
|
|
103 | (5) |
|
|
108 | (4) |
|
Old-Fashioned versus Modern Prejudice |
|
|
112 | (22) |
|
Where Have All the Bigots Gone? |
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
From Katz and Braly to Civil Rights, and Beyond |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Are Low-Prejudice People Really Low-Prejudice? |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Summary of Contemporary Theories of Prejudice |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Measures of Stereotyping and Prejudice |
|
|
120 | (11) |
|
The Self-Report Questionnaire |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Priming and Reaction Times: The True Measure? |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
Summary: Is There Such a Thing as Modern Prejudice? |
|
|
131 | (3) |
|
|
134 | (31) |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (9) |
|
|
145 | (3) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (6) |
|
Dynamic Nature of Interactions |
|
|
149 | (3) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (8) |
|
The Paradoxical Effects of Affirmative Action |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
Perceived Controllability of the Stigma |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
|
165 | (34) |
|
Why Ageism? (And What About Other ``-Isms''?) |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
Does Ageism Really Exist? |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
Age Stereotypes: Content and Use |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
Positive Attitudes and Positive Stereotypes |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Effects of Pseudopositive Attitudes |
|
|
171 | (5) |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Effects of Pseudopositive Attitudes on Older People |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Ageism in the Helping Professions |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Self-Threat, Self-Esteem, and Terror Management |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Beliefs and Expectations About Old Age |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
Beliefs and Expectations of the Young about Aging |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Expectations of Older People about Aging |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Prominence of Age as a Variable in Social Perception |
|
|
187 | (3) |
|
Contact with Older People |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
Negative Expectations about Intergenerational Contact |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Negative Schemas about Older People |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Cross-Cultural Differences in Ageism |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
Eastern versus Western Views |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Summary and Issues for Future Research |
|
|
194 | (5) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
You're Really as Old (or Young) as You Feel |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Stereotype Knowledge or Stereotype Belief? |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
Evaluating Prejudiced Attitudes |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
199 | (41) |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
Measurement of Gender Stereotypes |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Origin of Gender Stereotypes |
|
|
204 | (12) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
Evolution versus Social Roles |
|
|
211 | (4) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
Accuracy of Gender Stereotypes |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
|
219 | (5) |
|
Sexist Jokes Perpetuate Gender Stereotypes |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Perceptions of Sexist Humor |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Is Sexist Humor Harmless Fun? |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Automatic and Controlled Reactions to Sexist Humor |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
|
224 | (5) |
|
Old-Fashioned versus Modern Sexism |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Benevolent versus Hostile Sexism |
|
|
226 | (3) |
|
Effects of Sexism on Women |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
|
231 | (5) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (3) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (4) |
|
|
240 | (25) |
|
|
241 | (5) |
|
Allport's Contact Hypothesis |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Tests of the Contact Hypothesis |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Pettigrew's Reformulated Contact Theory |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
Sherif's Robber's Cave Study: The Superordinate Goal |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
The ``Confrontation Technique'' of Rokeach |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (3) |
|
Education, Empathy, and Role Playing |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
Current Approaches to Prejudice Reduction |
|
|
254 | (7) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
|
258 | (3) |
|
|
261 | (4) |
|
Trends and Unanswered Questions in Prejudice Research |
|
|
265 | (17) |
|
Prejudice Against Other Groups |
|
|
265 | (6) |
|
Attitudes toward Overweight Persons |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Attitudes toward the Physically Challenged |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Understanding the Dynamic Nature of Intergroup Interactions |
|
|
271 | (4) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
The Neurobiology of Prejudice |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Implicit and Automatic Stereotyping |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
To Individuate or Stereotype? That Is the Question |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
279 | (3) |
References |
|
282 | (33) |
Name Index |
|
315 | (4) |
Subject Index |
|
319 | |