Preface |
|
xv | |
Introduction: Philosophical Thinking and Death |
|
1 | (1) |
|
Philosophy and The Death of Ivan Ilyich |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Philosophical vs. Ordinary Thinking |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Philosophical Thinking and Death |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Three Kinds of Fundamental Questions |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
The Value of Philosophical Thinking About Death and Dying |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
PART I The Nature of Death |
|
|
|
Introduction: The 9/11 Memorial and Death Denial |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
Definition and Criteria of Death |
|
|
15 | (17) |
|
The Death of Terri Schiavo |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Traditional Heart-Lung Definition |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
The Challenge Posed by Biomedical Technology |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
The Challenge Posed by Transplantation |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Whole-Brain Death Definition |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
Challenges to the Whole-Brain Formulation |
|
|
18 | (3) |
|
Return to the Heart-Lung Formulation |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Adopt a Higher-Brain Formulation |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Adopt a Brainstem Formulation |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
The Biological vs. Psycho-Social Debate: Organisms vs. Persons |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
Death of the Organism: A Biological Perspective |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Death of the Person: A Psycho-Social Perspective |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Problems with the Person-Based View |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
Lingering Questions About Brain Death |
|
|
25 | (3) |
|
Definition or Permission? |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (19) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Premodern Attitude (To 1900): Death Visible and Tamed |
|
|
33 | (11) |
|
Early Middle Ages (500-1000): Death as Destiny |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
Later Middle Ages (1000-1400): Death of Self |
|
|
37 | (3) |
|
The Age of Enlightenment (1650-1750): Fear Checked by Reason |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Romanticism (1750-1850): Fear Sublimated in the Death of Others |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
The Modern Age (1900-1975): Death Invisible and Wild |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
Scientific vs. Traditional Worldview |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Postmodern Age (1975-Present): Death Open and Available |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
The Consciousness of Death |
|
|
51 | (19) |
|
The Beheading of Nicholas Berg and the Imminence of Death |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
The Instinctual Basis of the Fear of Death |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
The Argument from Biology |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Psychoanalysis |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
Existential Thought and the Fear of Death |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (6) |
|
Human Nature as a Union of Opposites |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
``The Predicament of the Existing Individual'' |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
``The Dizziness of Freedom'' |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Objective vs. Subjective Thinking |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
Relation with the Infinite |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (6) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
``Thrownness'' and ``Angst'' |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
``Fleeing in the Face of Death'' vs. ``Living in the Light of Death'' |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
Death as an Existential Phenomenon |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
|
70 | (15) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
The Problem of the Evil of Death |
|
|
71 | (5) |
|
Death as Not Bad: The Epicurean Argument |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Death as Bad: Deprivation Theory |
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
Is It Irrational to Fear Death? |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Is It Rational to Be Led by the Fear of Death? |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (3) |
|
PART II Survival of Death |
|
|
|
Introduction: A Death in the Family |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
The Self and Its Relation to Death |
|
|
85 | (19) |
|
Dualistic View of Human Nature |
|
|
86 | (4) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Responses to the Mind-Body Problem |
|
|
91 | (5) |
|
Reductive Theories of Mind |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
Critical Responses to Reductive Theories of Mind |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
The Persistence of Personal Identity |
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (3) |
|
|
104 | (18) |
|
Disembodied or Pure Individual Mind |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
|
111 | (5) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (3) |
|
Bases for Afterlife Belief |
|
|
122 | (23) |
|
``After-Death.Com'' and Life Everlasting |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Theology |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Morality |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
The Argument from Globalism |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Human Development |
|
|
126 | (4) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
The Argument from Parapsychological Phenomena |
|
|
130 | (4) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Apparitions and Materializations |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Messages from the Dead and the Beyond |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (4) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
|
|
Introduction: Quinlan, Perlmutter, Cruzan |
|
|
141 | (4) |
|
Conceptual Issues in Suicide and Euthanasia |
|
|
145 | (16) |
|
Garrett Hardin and the Profile of Suicide |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
Suicide: The Problem of Definition |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Definition: Narrow and Broad Interpretations |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Killing vs. Allowing to Die |
|
|
151 | (5) |
|
A Distinction with a Difference? |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Yes (Narrow Interpretation) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
No (Broad Interpretation) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Decisions |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
History and Contemporary Opinion |
|
|
161 | (18) |
|
Suicide as an Office to God, Neighbor, Self: Plato and Aristle |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
Suicide as Rational: The Stories |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Suicide as Sinful: Augnustne and Aquinas |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
Suicide as Beneficial to Self and Others: Hume |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Suicide as Violating Moral Responsibility: Kant |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
The Argument from Free Will |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Human Nature |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
The Argument from Autonomy |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Argument from Divine Will |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Suicide as a Social Utility: Bentham and Mill |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
Assisted Suicide: The Contemporary Picture |
|
|
171 | (4) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
U.S. Public and Professional Opinion |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
Initiatives and Legislation |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Oregon's Death with Dignity Act |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (3) |
|
|
179 | (18) |
|
The Assisted Death of Velma Howard |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (8) |
|
|
180 | (4) |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
|
188 | (5) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (3) |
|
|
197 | (17) |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
198 | (5) |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
|
203 | (3) |
|
|
206 | (4) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Self-Regarding vs. Other-Regarding I rtues and Vices |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
The Case for Indirect Harm |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
The Case Against Indirect Harm |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (3) |
|
Futile Treatment and the Duty to Die |
|
|
214 | (18) |
|
The Case of Helga Wanglie |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Medical Futility: Physician Beneficence v Patient Autonomy |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
Arguments for Limiting Patient Autonomy |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Arguments Against Limiting Patient Autonomy |
|
|
219 | (3) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Uncertain Prognoses/Mistaken Diagnoses |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (6) |
|
From Patient to Family-Centered Bioethics: The Ideas of John Hardwig |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Life, Death, and Meaning |
|
|
232 | (22) |
|
Death Gives Meaning to Life |
|
|
233 | (4) |
|
Death as Necessary for Life |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Death as Part of the Life Cycle |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Death as Ultimate Affirmation |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Death as Motive to Commitment and Engagement |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Death as Stimulus to Creativity |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
Self-Consciousness and Freedom |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Criticism of the Western Conception of ``Progress'' |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
The Challenge of Nihilism |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
The Examined Life, Death, and Meaning |
|
|
249 | (5) |
Index |
|
254 | |