Neuropsychotherapy : How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy
by Grawe, KlausEdition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-08-17
Publisher(s): Lawrence Erlbau
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Summary
Neuropsychotherapyis intended to inspire further development and continual empirical updating of consistency theory. It is essential for psychotherapists, psychotherapy researchers, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists, and mental-health professionals. Profoundly important and innovative, this volumeprovides necessary know-how for professionals as it connects the findings of modern neuroscience to the insights of psychotherapy. Throughout the book, a new picture unfolds of the empirical grounds of effective psychotherapeutic work. Author Klaus Grawe articulates a comprehensive model of psychological functioningconsistency theoryand bridges the gap between the neurosciences and the understanding of psychological disorders and their treatment. Neuropsychotherapyillustrates that psychotherapy can be even more effective when it is grounded in a neuroscientific approach. Cutting across disciplines that are characteristically disparate, the book identifies the neural foundations of various disorders, suggests specific psychotherapeutic conclusions, and makes neuroscientific knowledge more accessible to psychotherapists. The book's discussion of consistency theory reveals the model is firmly connected to other psychological theoretical approaches, from control theory to cognitive-behavioral models to basic need theories.
Table of Contents
| Series Foreword | p. ix |
| Foreword | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Preface for the English Translation | p. xix |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxiii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The insights gained in the neurosciences are relevant for each of us | p. 1 |
| Brain, psychotherapy, and psychopharmacology | p. 3 |
| Neuroscience and psychotherapy | p. 8 |
| What is meant by the term neuropsychotherapy? | p. 12 |
| How might neuropsychotherapy look in concrete clinical practice? | p. 14 |
| Structure of the book | p. 23 |
| What Psychotherapists Should Know About the Brain | p. 29 |
| The brain: The epitome of complexity | p. 29 |
| What exactly happens during the transmission of activation potentials between neurons? | p. 32 |
| The biochemical processes transpiring at the synapses and within neurons | p. 35 |
| Implications for psychotherapy | p. 40 |
| Is it reductionist to relate mental processes to their neural basis? | p. 42 |
| Neural activity transpires in patterns of activation and inhibition | p. 44 |
| How do neural activation patterns originate? | p. 48 |
| Neural activation patterns on the basis of cell hierarchies | p. 48 |
| Binding together of neural activation patterns via synchronization | p. 50 |
| The neural constitution of perceptual units | p. 52 |
| Neural circuits | p. 54 |
| The formation of new memory contents | p. 57 |
| Being captivated by music | p. 67 |
| Love-related feelings | p. 73 |
| Anxiety | p. 75 |
| The amygdala as the anxiety center | p. 75 |
| The conditioning of fear reactions | p. 79 |
| Anxiety as a feeling | p. 82 |
| Can anxiety be extinguished? | p. 86 |
| Conclusions for psychotherapy | p. 90 |
| Intentional action | p. 92 |
| The neural representation of goal hierarchies | p. 94 |
| The neural circuits for the implementation of actions | p. 99 |
| Consciousness from a neural perspective | p. 101 |
| Acts of will from a neural perspective | p. 104 |
| Explicit and implicit mental processes | p. 106 |
| Conclusions for psychotherapy | p. 108 |
| Covariation of neural and mental activity | p. 112 |
| Neural plasticity | p. 114 |
| Conclusions for psychotherapy | p. 121 |
| Neural Correlates of Mental Disorders | p. 125 |
| What can be said today about the neural correlates of mental disorders? | p. 125 |
| Neural correlates of depression | p. 132 |
| What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in depression? | p. 128 |
| The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in depression | p. 132 |
| What about the hippocampus in depressed individuals? | p. 134 |
| What role does the amygdala play in depression? | p. 136 |
| Evaluation and conclusions for psychotherapy | p. 137 |
| Neural correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | p. 141 |
| Neural correlates of generalized anxiety disorder | p. 148 |
| Neural correlates of panic disorder | p. 151 |
| Neural correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder | p. 154 |
| What psychotherapeutic conclusions can be drawn from the neuroscientific research on mental disorders? | p. 159 |
| Need Fulfillment and Mental Health | p. 165 |
| Basic human needs | p. 165 |
| Consistency regulation as a basic principle of mental functioning | p. 168 |
| Basic needs, consistency regulation, motivational schemas, and incongruence | p. 169 |
| The attachment need | p. 174 |
| From attachment need to attachment styles | p. 174 |
| Neurobiology of the attachment need | p. 177 |
| Violations of the need for attachment and their consequences for mental health | p. 186 |
| How are insecure attachment styles formed? | p. 186 |
| What influence does a person's attachment style exert on his or her well-being in early and middle childhood? | p. 188 |
| What influence does a person's attachment style exert on the development of mental disorders in adulthood? | p. 191 |
| Conclusions for psychotherapy with the example of depression | p. 198 |
| The need for orientation and control | p. 211 |
| Control processes permeate all mental functioning | p. 211 |
| Controllable and uncontrollable incongruence | p. 216 |
| Consequences of controllable incongruence | p. 220 |
| Consequences of uncontrollable incongruence | p. 224 |
| The need for self-esteem enhancement and self-esteem protection | p. 230 |
| The need for self-esteem enhancement as a specifically human need | p. 230 |
| Is there really a general tendency to self-esteem enhancement and self-esteem protection? | p. 231 |
| Self-esteem enhancement and mental health | p. 237 |
| The need for pleasure maximization and distress avoidance | p. 240 |
| The good-bad evaluation: A continuously active monitor of mental activity | p. 240 |
| Functional relations between good-bad evaluations and approach-avoidance | p. 245 |
| Approach and avoidance as two independent motivational systems | p. 248 |
| The development of motivational goals | p. 252 |
| The functional significance of approach and avoidance goals | p. 257 |
| Neural mechanisms of approach and avoidance learning | p. 268 |
| Beyond the pleasure principle | p. 280 |
| Consistency and consistency regulation | p. 283 |
| Forms of inconsistency in mental functioning | p. 283 |
| Neural mechanisms for ensuring consistency continuity | p. 290 |
| Inconsistency reduction as the engine of mental development | p. 297 |
| Inconsistency and mental health | p. 304 |
| Continuous dissonance undermines physical health | p. 305 |
| Negative consequences of motivational inconsistency | p. 309 |
| Incongruence and mental health | p. 317 |
| The development of mental disorders from a lifetime developmental perspective | p. 329 |
| Development of disorder foundations | p. 329 |
| The significance of early childhood life experiences | p. 329 |
| Conclusions for psychotherapy | p. 334 |
| From early childhood into adulthood | p. 337 |
| The onset of mental disorders during times of heightened inconsistency | p. 340 |
| Implications for Psychotherapy | p. 349 |
| Mental disorders result from unsuccessful inconsistency regulation | p. 350 |
| Psychotherapy works via consistency improvement | p. 353 |
| The most important options for enhancing consistency via psychotherapy | p. 356 |
| Improving consistency via disorderoriented treatment | p. 356 |
| Consistency improvements via experiences in the therapy process | p. 358 |
| Consistency improvements via the treatment of individual sources of incongruence | p. 386 |
| Consistency improvements via changes in neural structures? | p. 395 |
| Implications for an effectiveness-optimized psychotherapy | p. 396 |
| Neural mechanisms of therapeutic changes | p. 399 |
| Changes via inhibition of neural excitability | p. 399 |
| Changes via activation of existing and facilitation of new neural activation patterns | p. 405 |
| Guidelines for therapy practice | p. 409 |
| Guidelines for therapy planning | p. 410 |
| Guidelines for the therapy process | p. 410 |
| Summary and Future Prospects | p. 417 |
| References | p. 425 |
| Author Index | p. 457 |
| Subject Index | p. 471 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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