
Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Adepoju, Aderanti-
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Summary
Author Biography
Table of Contents
Abbreviations and acronyms | p. 6 |
Why focus on migration? | p. 7 |
Introduction | p. 7 |
Migration - an international agenda | p. 7 |
Report of the Global Commission on International Migration | p. 7 |
The African Union's strategic framework for a policy on migration | p. 8 |
The African Union's common position on migration and development | p. 9 |
The 2006 Euro-African conference on migration and development | p. 9 |
The Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Development | p. 10 |
The follow-up meeting to the Rabat Process | p. 10 |
The EU-Africa strategic partnership - The Lisbon Summit | p. 11 |
The UN High-level Dialogue on Migration and Development | p. 11 |
The Global Forum on Migration and Development | p. 12 |
The sub-Saharan African migration scene | p. 13 |
Emigration dynamics: some root causes | p. 13 |
Migration or circulation? | p. 14 |
Internal migration | p. 15 |
Internal migration blends into international migration | p. 17 |
Migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa: some historical trends | p. 17 |
Trends in the stock of international migration in sub-Saharan Africa | p. 19 |
Recent trends in patterns of migration in and from SSA | p. 21 |
Diversification of destinations | p. 21 |
Commercial migration | p. 21 |
The lure of South Africa and problems of irregular migration | p. 22 |
The Maghreb - a region of origin, transit and destination | p. 22 |
Increase in independent female migration | p. 24 |
A new developmental approach to migration | p. 27 |
Migration to rich countries | p. 28 |
Emigration of professionals: causes and consequences | p. 29 |
Brain drain: its determinants and magnitude | p. 29 |
Impact of the brain drain | p. 31 |
Measures by donor communities to counter negative effects | p. 33 |
Brain circulation and skills circulation | p. 34 |
The characteristics and roles of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa | p. 36 |
Use of remittances | p. 36 |
Remittances: micro-meso-macro levels | p. 36 |
Remittance policy measures | p. 37 |
Transaction costs and incentives | p. 37 |
Remittances and development | p. 38 |
The role of the diaspora in country-of-origin development | p. 40 |
Diaspora's economic and technological capital | p. 40 |
Diaspora's social capital | p. 40 |
Policy change in receiving countries | p. 41 |
The role of governments in attracting back the diaspora | p. 41 |
Sweden and the Sub-Saharan Africa diaspora | p. 42 |
Capacity-building for diaspora organisations in Sweden | p. 44 |
Human trafficking | p. 45 |
Regional details | p. 45 |
Root causes of trafficking | p. 46 |
Policy measures | p. 46 |
Data on trafficking and legal framework | p. 47 |
Public awareness | p. 48 |
Legislative framework governing migration in sub-Saharan Africa | p. 49 |
Regional initiatives | p. 49 |
ECOWAS free movement of persons | p. 49 |
SADC and COMESA | p. 49 |
East African Community | p. 50 |
Capacity building | p. 50 |
Collaboration and cooperation | p. 50 |
Principal actors in migration issues in sub-Saharan Africa | p. 51 |
The role of development partners | p. 51 |
Other internal and external actors | p. 51 |
The Business Sector | p. 51 |
Civil Society Organisations | p. 52 |
International Financial Institutions | p. 52 |
International agencies | p. 52 |
Lessons learnt | p. 52 |
Migration and development: challenges and prospects | p. 54 |
Trade and migration | p. 54 |
Globalisation with a human face | p. 54 |
Reducing emigration pressure and providing employment for youths | p. 54 |
Research and data on migration | p. 55 |
The future outlook | p. 57 |
A forum for migration dialogue | p. 57 |
Circularity | p. 57 |
Public enlightenment | p. 58 |
Institutional capacity-building | p. 58 |
Conclusion | p. 59 |
References | p. 60 |
List of Tables | |
Global flows of migrants' remittances (US$ billion) 2000-06 | p. 8 |
International migrants as a percentage of the population, 1960-2005 | p. 20 |
Percentage of international migrants by major area or region, 1960-2005 | p. 20 |
Growth rate of migrant stock (percentage) 1960-2005 | p. 21 |
Female migrants as percentage of all international migrants, 1960-2005 | p. 24 |
African immigrants in Sweden by sex in 2004 and 2005 | p. 25 |
Nurses and midwives from sub-Saharan Africa on UK register, 1998-2005 | p. 26 |
Stock of foreign-born sub-Saharan population in OECD countries, 2002 | p. 28 |
Number of expatriates and proportion of highly skilled persons from sub-Saharan African countries living in OECD member countries, 2000-01 | p. 30 |
Distribution of sub-Saharan African-born doctors and nurses in various OECD countries, 2000 | p. 32 |
Foreign-born sub-Saharan Africans in Sweden, 2006 (selected countries) | p. 42 |
Asylum seekers to Sweden from Burundi, Eritrea and Somalia, 1996-2005 | p. 43 |
List of Figures | |
Trends in urbanisation - sub-Saharan African, 1950-2030 | p. 16 |
Migration routes from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe | p. 23 |
Sub-Sahara African foreign-born population in OECD countries, 2005 | p. 27 |
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