Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2008-11-30
Publisher(s): Stylus Pub Llc
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Summary

Africans arriving by rickety fishing boats to the Canary Islands, risking the passage across the Straits of Gibraltar or washing up on the Italian island of Lampedusa are familiar examples of the recent growth in migration from Africa to Europe. There is this dark side of migration in human trafficking, but the picture of a continent on the move also includes highly skilled professionals from Nigeria and Ghana who seek employment in universities and other professions in South Africa. On the positive side, migrant remittances are a major source of income in many sub-Saharan African countries, helping to sustain the lives of poor home communities. A major challenge now facing sub-Saharan Africa is how to attract skilled emigrants back for national development.

Author Biography

Professor Aderanti Adepoju is coordinator of the Network of Migration Research on Africa (Nomra) and Chief Executive of the Human Resources Development Centre (HRDC) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations and acronymsp. 6
Why focus on migration?p. 7
Introductionp. 7
Migration - an international agendap. 7
Report of the Global Commission on International Migrationp. 7
The African Union's strategic framework for a policy on migrationp. 8
The African Union's common position on migration and developmentp. 9
The 2006 Euro-African conference on migration and developmentp. 9
The Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Developmentp. 10
The follow-up meeting to the Rabat Processp. 10
The EU-Africa strategic partnership - The Lisbon Summitp. 11
The UN High-level Dialogue on Migration and Developmentp. 11
The Global Forum on Migration and Developmentp. 12
The sub-Saharan African migration scenep. 13
Emigration dynamics: some root causesp. 13
Migration or circulation?p. 14
Internal migrationp. 15
Internal migration blends into international migrationp. 17
Migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa: some historical trendsp. 17
Trends in the stock of international migration in sub-Saharan Africap. 19
Recent trends in patterns of migration in and from SSAp. 21
Diversification of destinationsp. 21
Commercial migrationp. 21
The lure of South Africa and problems of irregular migrationp. 22
The Maghreb - a region of origin, transit and destinationp. 22
Increase in independent female migrationp. 24
A new developmental approach to migrationp. 27
Migration to rich countriesp. 28
Emigration of professionals: causes and consequencesp. 29
Brain drain: its determinants and magnitudep. 29
Impact of the brain drainp. 31
Measures by donor communities to counter negative effectsp. 33
Brain circulation and skills circulationp. 34
The characteristics and roles of remittances in sub-Saharan Africap. 36
Use of remittancesp. 36
Remittances: micro-meso-macro levelsp. 36
Remittance policy measuresp. 37
Transaction costs and incentivesp. 37
Remittances and developmentp. 38
The role of the diaspora in country-of-origin developmentp. 40
Diaspora's economic and technological capitalp. 40
Diaspora's social capitalp. 40
Policy change in receiving countriesp. 41
The role of governments in attracting back the diasporap. 41
Sweden and the Sub-Saharan Africa diasporap. 42
Capacity-building for diaspora organisations in Swedenp. 44
Human traffickingp. 45
Regional detailsp. 45
Root causes of traffickingp. 46
Policy measuresp. 46
Data on trafficking and legal frameworkp. 47
Public awarenessp. 48
Legislative framework governing migration in sub-Saharan Africap. 49
Regional initiativesp. 49
ECOWAS free movement of personsp. 49
SADC and COMESAp. 49
East African Communityp. 50
Capacity buildingp. 50
Collaboration and cooperationp. 50
Principal actors in migration issues in sub-Saharan Africap. 51
The role of development partnersp. 51
Other internal and external actorsp. 51
The Business Sectorp. 51
Civil Society Organisationsp. 52
International Financial Institutionsp. 52
International agenciesp. 52
Lessons learntp. 52
Migration and development: challenges and prospectsp. 54
Trade and migrationp. 54
Globalisation with a human facep. 54
Reducing emigration pressure and providing employment for youthsp. 54
Research and data on migrationp. 55
The future outlookp. 57
A forum for migration dialoguep. 57
Circularityp. 57
Public enlightenmentp. 58
Institutional capacity-buildingp. 58
Conclusionp. 59
Referencesp. 60
List of Tables
Global flows of migrants' remittances (US$ billion) 2000-06p. 8
International migrants as a percentage of the population, 1960-2005p. 20
Percentage of international migrants by major area or region, 1960-2005p. 20
Growth rate of migrant stock (percentage) 1960-2005p. 21
Female migrants as percentage of all international migrants, 1960-2005p. 24
African immigrants in Sweden by sex in 2004 and 2005p. 25
Nurses and midwives from sub-Saharan Africa on UK register, 1998-2005p. 26
Stock of foreign-born sub-Saharan population in OECD countries, 2002p. 28
Number of expatriates and proportion of highly skilled persons from sub-Saharan African countries living in OECD member countries, 2000-01p. 30
Distribution of sub-Saharan African-born doctors and nurses in various OECD countries, 2000p. 32
Foreign-born sub-Saharan Africans in Sweden, 2006 (selected countries)p. 42
Asylum seekers to Sweden from Burundi, Eritrea and Somalia, 1996-2005p. 43
List of Figures
Trends in urbanisation - sub-Saharan African, 1950-2030p. 16
Migration routes from sub-Saharan Africa to Europep. 23
Sub-Sahara African foreign-born population in OECD countries, 2005p. 27
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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