Mathematics and the Imagination

by ;
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2001-03-28
Publisher(s): Dover Publications
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Summary

Anyone who gambles, plays cards, loves puzzles, or simply seeks an intellectual challenge will love this amusing and thought-provoking book. With wit and clarity, the authors deftly progress from simple arithmetic to calculus and non-Euclidean geometry. Their subjects: assorted geometries-plane and fancy; famous puzzles that made mathematical history; tantalizing paradoxes; and more. "Charming and exciting"-Saturday Review of Literature. 169 text figures.

Table of Contents

Introduction
New Names For Old
3(24)
Easy words for hard ideas
Transcendental
Nonsimple curve
Simple curve
Simple group
Bolsheviks and giraffes
Turbines
Turns and slides
Circles and cycles
Patho-circles
Clocks
Hexagons and parhexagons
Radicals, hyperradicals, and ultraradicals (nonpolitical)
New numbers for the nursery
Googol and googolplex
Miracle of the rising book
The mathescope
Beyond the Googol
27(38)
Counting---the language of number
Counting, matching, and ``Going to Jerusalem''
Cardinal numbers
Cosmic chess and googols
The sand reckoner
Mathematical induction
The infinite and its progeny
Zeno
Puzzles and quarrels
Bolzano
Galileo's puzzle
Cantor
Measuring the measuring rod
The whole is no greater than some of its parts
The first transfinite---Aleph0
Arithmetic for morons
Common sense hits a snag
Cardinality of the continuum
Extravagances of a mathematical madman
The tortoise unmasked
Motionless motion
Private life of a number
The house that Cantor built
π, i, e (PIE)
65(47)
Chinamen and chandeliers
Twilight of common sense
π, i, e
Squaring the circle and its cousins
Mathematical impossibility
Silk purse, sow's ear, ruler and compass
Rigor mortis
Algebraic equations and transcendental numbers
Galois and Greek epidemics
Cube duplicators and angle trisectors
Biography of π
Infancy: Archimedes, the Bible, the Egyptians
Adolescence: Vieta, Van Ceulen
Maturity: Wallis, Newton, Leibniz
Old Age: Dase, Richter, Shanks
Victim of schizophrenia
Boon to insurance companies
(e)
Logarithms or tricks of the trade
Mr. Briggs is surprised
Mr. Napier explains
Biography of e; or e, the banker's boon
Pituitary gland of mathematics: the exponential function
(i)
Humpty Dumpty, Doctor of Semantics
Imaginary numbers
The -1, or ``Where am I?''
Biography of i, the self-made amphibian
Omar Khayyam, Cardan, Bombelli, and Gauss
i and Soviet Russia
Program music of mathematics
Breakfast in bed; or, How to become a great mathematician
Analytic geometry
Geometric representation of i
Complex plane
A famous formula, faith, and humility
Assorted Geometries---Plane and Fancy
112(44)
The talking fish and St. Augustine
A new alphabet
High priests and numbo jumbo
Pure and applied mathematics
Euclid and Texas
Mathematical tailors
Geometry---a game
Ghosts, table-tipping, and the land of the dead
Foruth-dimension flounders
Henry More to the rescue
Fourth dimension---a new gusher
A cure for arthritis
Syntax suffers a setback
The physicist's delight
Dimensions and manifolds
Distance formulae
Scaling blank walls
Four-dimensional geometry defined
Moles and tesseracts
A four-dimensional fancy
Romance of flatland
Three-dimensional cats and two-dimensional kings
Gallant Gulliver and the gloves
Beguiling voices and strange footprints
Non-Euclidean geometry
Space credos and millinery
Private and public space
Rewriting our textbooks
The prince and the Boethians
The flexible fifth
The mathematicians unite---nothing to lose but their chains
Lobachevsky breaks a link
Riemann breaks another
Checks and double checks in mathematics
The tractix and the pseudosphere
Great circles and bears
The skeptic persists---and is stepped on
Geodesics
Seventh Day Adventists
Curvature
Lobachevskian Eiffel Towers and Riemannian Holland Tunnels
Pastimes of Past and Present Times
156(37)
Puzzle acorns and mathematical oaks
Charlemagne and crossword puzzles
Mark Twain and the ``farmer's daughter''
The syntax of puzzles
Carolyn Flaubert and the cabin boy
A wolf, a goat, and a head of cabbage
Brides and cuckolds
I'll be switched
Poisson, the misfit
High finance; or, The international beer wolf
Lions and poker players
The decimal system
Casting out nines
Buddha, God, and the binary scale
The march of culture; or, Russia, the home of the binary system
The Chinese rings
The tower of Hanoi
The ritual of Benares: or, Charley horse in the Orient
Nim, Sissa Ben Dahir, and Josephus
Bismarck plays the boss
The 15 puzzle plague
The spider and the fly
A nightmare of relatives
The magic square
Take a number from 1 to 10
Fermat's last theorem
Mathematics' lost legacy
Paradox Lost and Paradox Regained
193(30)
Great paradoxes and distant relatives
Three species of paradox
Paradoxes strange but true
Wheels that move faster on top than on bottom
The cycloid family
The curse of transportation; or, How locomotives can't make up their minds
Reformation of geometry
Ensuing troubles
Point sets---the Arabian Nights of mathematics
Hausdorff spins a tall tale
Messrs. Banach and Tarski rub the magic lamp
Baron Munchhausen is stymied by a pea
Mathematical fallacies
Trouble from a bubble; or, Dividing by zero
The infinite---troublemaker par excellence
Geometrical fallacies
Logical paradoxes---the folk tales of mathematics
Deluding dialectics of the poacher and the prince; of the introspective barber; of the number 111777; of this book and Confucius: of the Hon. Bertrand Russell
Scylla and Charybdis; or, What shall poor mathematics do?
Chance and Chanceability
223(42)
The clue of the billiard cue
A little chalk, a lot of talk
Watson gets his leg pulled by probable inference
Finds it all absurdly simple
Passionate oysters, waltzing ducks, and the syllogism
The twilight of probability
Interesting behavior of a modes coin
Biological necessity and a pair of dice
What is probability?
A poll of views: a meteorologist, a bootlegger, a bridge player
The subjective view---based on insufficient reason, contains an element of truth
The jackasses on Mars
The statistical view
What happens will probably happen
Experimental eurythmics; or, Pitching pennies
Relative frequencies
The adventure of the dancing men
Scheherezade and John Wilkes Booth---a challenge to statistics
The red and the black
Charles Peirce predicts the weather
How far is ``away''?
Herodotus explains
The calculus of chance
The benefits of gambling
De Mere and Pascal
Mr. Jevons omits an acknowledgment
The study of craps---the very guide of life
Dice, pennies, permutations, and combinations
Measuring probabilities
D'Alembert drops the ball
Count Buffon plays with a needle
The point
A black ball and a white ball
The binomial theorem
The calculus of probability re-examined
Found to rest on hypothesis
Laplace needs no hypothesis
Twits Napoleon, who does
The Marquis de Condorcet has high hopes
M. le Marquis omits a factor and loses his head
Fourier of the Old Guard
Dr. Darwin of the New
The syllogism scraps a standby
Mr. Socrates may not die
Ring out the old logic, ring in the new
Rubber-Sheet Geometry
265(34)
Seven bridges over a stein of beer
Euler shivers
Is warmed by news from home
Invents topology
Dissolves the dilemma of Sunday strollers
Babies' cribs and Pythagoreans
Talismen and queer figures
Position is everything in topology
Da Vinci and Dali
Invariants
Transformations
The immutable derby
Competition for the caliph's cup; or, Sifting out the suitors by science
Mr. Jordan's theorem
Only seems idiotic
Deformed circles
Odd facts concerning Times Square and a balloonist's head
Eccentric deportment of several distinguished gentlemen at Princeton
Their passion for pretzels
Their delving in doughnuts
Enforced modesty of readers and authors
The ring
Lachrymose recital around a Paris pissoir
``Who staggered how many times around the walls of what?''
In and out the doughnut
Gastric surgery---from doughnut to sausage in a single cut
N-dimensional pretzels
The Mobius strip
Just as black as it is painted
Forments industrial discontent
Never takes sides
Bane of painter and paintpot alike
The iron rings
Mathematical cotillion; or, How on earth do I get rid of my partner?
Topology---the pinnacle of perversity; or, Removing your vest without your coat
Down to earth---map coloring
Four-color problem
Euler's theorem
The simplest universal law
Brouwer's puzzle
The search for invariants
Change and Changeability
299(58)
The calculus and cement
Meaning of change and rate of change
Zeno and the movies
``Flying Arrow'' local---stops at all points
Geometry and genetics
The arithmetic men dig pits
Lamentable analogue of the boomerang
History of the calculus
Kepler
Fermat
Story of the great rectangle
Newton and Leibniz
Archimedes and the limit
Shrinking and swelling; or, ``Will the circle go the limit?''
Brief dictionary of mathematics and physics
Military idyll; or, The speed of the falling bomb
The calculus at work
The derivative
Higher derivatives and radius of curvature
Laudable scholarship of automobile engineers
The third derivative as a shock absorber
The derivative finds its mate
Integration
Kepler and the bungholes
Measuring lengths; or, The yawning regress
Methods of approximation
Measuring areas under curves
Method of rectangular strips
The definite
Indefinite
One the inverse of the other
The outline of history and the descent of man: or, y=ex
Sickly curves and orchidaceous ones
The snowflake
Infinite perimeters and postage stamps
Anti-snowflake
Super-colossal pathological specimen---the curve that fills space
The unbelieveable crisscross
Epilogue. Mathematics and the Imagination 357

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