Information Technology : The Breaking Wave,9780256218473

Information Technology : The Breaking Wave

by
ISBN13: 9780256218473
ISBN10: 0256218471
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1998-01-01
Publisher(s): MCG
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Table of Contents

The Internet and the World Wide Web
2(16)
The World Wide Web---What Is It?
4(2)
What is the Internet?
What is the World Wide Web?
What's a home page?
Are the Internet and the Web the same thing?
The Web---What Makes It Happen?
6(2)
Where did the Web come from?
Where do Web sites come from?
What are Web sites used for?
Getting Connected to the Web
8(2)
Presence providers
Access providers
Types of access
Browsing the Web
10(2)
The browser
Internet addresses---URLs
The anatomy of a URL
Push or pull?
Locating Information on the Web
12(2)
Browsing
Search engines
Lists
Tours
Geographical or map directories;
Web Multimedia
14(2)
Bandwidth---How big is your pipe? Web sounds and video sounds
Internet phone
Multimedia
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
16(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Information Technology Today---An Overview
18(24)
Information Technology---An Introduction
20(2)
What is information technology? Hardware and software
The information processing cycle
Information processing at work
Information Systems
22(2)
What is a computer?
What is a system?
People
Software and Data
24(2)
What is software?
Software from A to Z
What is data?
Data isn't what is used to be
IT in Business and Industry
26(2)
Computers in business
Computers in industry
IT in the Home and at Play
28(2)
Computers in the home
Computers at play
IT in Education and Training
30(2)
Computers in education
Computers in training
IT in Entertainment and the Arts
32(2)
Computers in entertainment
Computers in the arts
IT in Science, Engineering, and Math
34(2)
Computers in science and engineering
Computers in mathematics;
Computers in Hiding
36(2)
Large computer systems you don't see
Small computers you don't see
Picture Essay: The Global Positioning System (GPS)
38(2)
The applications of GPS
How GPS works
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
40(2)
Summary
Review Questions
The Computer System and Central Processing Unit
42(34)
Types of Computers: Corporate and Departmental Computers
44(2)
Supercomputers
Mainframes and servers
Networks
Types of Computers: Desktop and Personal Computers
46(2)
Desktop computers and workstations
Notebook computers
Subnotebook computers
The Anatomy of a Computer
48(2)
Inside the case
System board
The Foundations of Modern Information Technology: Binary Numbers---0s and 1s
50(2)
Digital versus analog
Binary numbers
Why digital?
The Foundations of Modern Information Technology: Digital Signals
52(2)
Paul Revere's ride---a digital revolution?
The telegraph---a digital code
The transistor---the computer's digital device
Moore's Law
The Foundations of Modern Information Technology: Bits and Bytes---The Binary Code
54(2)
Bits and bytes
Groups of bytes
Our language to computer language and back again
Codes in use
The Central Processing Unit: The Microprocessor
56(2)
They keep getting better
Microprocessor compatibility
Co-processors and parallel processors
Costs of processing data
Embedded microprocessors
The Central Processing Unit: The Path of Progress
58(2)
Improving data capacity
Improving processing speed
Improving efficiency
Joy's Law
Benchmarks
Picture Essay: How Microprocessors and Memory Chips are Made
60(2)
Design
Fabrication
Sorting
Packaging
Memory: ROM and RAM
62(2)
Scrabble---An Analogy
Read-only memory (ROM)
Read-only memory (RAM)
Types of memory chips
Memory modules---SIMMs and DIMMs
Memory: Other Forms and Uses of Memory
64(2)
Virtual memory
Caches
Buffers
Memory: How the CPU and Memory Work Together
66(1)
The machine cycle
Registers
Buses for Input and Output: Introduction
66(4)
The bus
System buses
Local buses
Buses for Input and Output: Adapter Cards and Multimedia Systems
70(2)
Expansion slots and adapter cards
Plug and play
Hot docking
Laptop computers
Multimedia systems
Communications with Peripherals
72(2)
Computer ports
Universal serial bus (USB) and firewire
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
74(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Input and Output
76(32)
Input and Output Devices: Introduction
78(2)
Input devices
Output devices
Special purpose input and output devices
Check numbers
Card scanners
Inputting Text: Keyboards
80(2)
The standard keyboard
Virtual keyboards
Ergonomic keyboards
Inputting Text: Direct Input Devices
82(2)
Optical character recognition
Handwriting recognition
Bar codes and bar code scanners
Speech recognition
Inputting Graphics: Direct Input Devices
84(2)
Types of graphic scanners
How a scanner works
Resolution
Color depth
Yikes---these files are huge!
Digitizing photos and video
Picture Essay: State-of-the-Art Input and Output
86(2)
Virtual reality
Holograms
Beam me up Scotty---3D scanning
Body scanning
Pointing Devices
88(2)
Mice
Track sticks
Trackballs
Fingers
Touch pads
Graphics tablets
Joysticks
Cordless mice
The Foundations of Modern Output: Pixels and Resolution
90(2)
Pixels---all output is dots
Resolution
The Foundations of Modern Output: Fonts
92(2)
Speaking of fonts
Scalable outline and bitmapped fonts
WYSIWYG
The Foundations of Modern Output: The Range of Color
94(2)
Palettes
Flashing
The range of colors
Colors and memory
Display Screens: Types of Screens
96(2)
CRT displays
Flat panel displays
How flat panel displays work
Display Screens: Resolution
98(2)
Display modes
Resolution and display size
Multiple frequency display monitors
Resolution and size
Printers: Laser Printers
100(2)
Laser printer output
How a laser printer works
Printer control languages
Laser printer features
Printers: Other Printers
102(2)
Dot-matrix printers
Plotters
Label printers
Digital presses
Large color printers
Line printers
Photo printers
Printers: Color Printers
104(2)
How solid colors are formed
How continuous tone colors are formed
Liquid inkjet
Solid ink
Color laser
Thermal wax transfer
Dye sublimation
Fiery output
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
106(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Secondary Storage
108(20)
The Foundations of Modern Storage: How Data is Stored
110(2)
Storage devices and media
Magnetic storage
Optical storage
Magneto-optical storage
Solid state storage
The Foundations of Modern Storage: Storage Characteristics
112(2)
Random versus sequential access
Tracks and sectors
Speed
Storage capacity
Removable media
Storage Media: Floppy Disks
114(2)
Floppy disk characteristics
Write protecting floppy disks
Floppy disks---the end is near
Storage Media: Hard Disk Drives
116(2)
Inside a hard disk
Hard disk technologies
Hard disk tolerances
Hard disk controllers
RAID storage devices
Storage Media: Optical Discs
118(2)
Lasers---the optical pen
Applications of optical discs
Types of optical discs
CD discs
DVD discs
Increasing Data Storage Capacity
120(2)
Compression
Jukeboxes
Hierarchical storage management (HSM)
Tape systems for large computers and networks
Backing Up Your Data
122(2)
Why backup?
Off-site storage
Backup media with random access
Backup media with sequential access
Picture Essay: The Smart Card
124(2)
Smart cards
Applications
Adding money to a card
The retailer's machine
Balance reader
Security
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
126(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Software---An Introduction
128(24)
Software: What Is It?
130(2)
Operating systems
Application programs
Other programs
Progress
User Interfaces
132(2)
Interfaces and operating systems
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
Pen-based interfaces
Touch-screen interfaces
Conversational interfaces
Application Programs
134(2)
Horizontal market applications
Vertical market applications
Custom applications
Shareware and public domain software
Operating Systems: Introduction
136(2)
Controlling input and output
The role of BIOS
Processing commands
Multitasking
Multithreading
Multiuser
Multiprocessor support
Miscellaneous tasks
Operating Systems: Types
138(2)
Tasks and operating systems
Operating system characteristics
Desktop operating systems
Server operating systems
Mainframe operating systems
Handheld operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Operating Systems: File Management
140(2)
Filenames
Folders
Drives
Trees
Paths
File managers
Operating Systems: Utilities
142(2)
Formatting
Fragmenting
Disk scanning
File deletion and recycle bins
Document-Centric Computing
144(2)
Object linking and embedding (OLE)
Embedding data
Linking data
Major Software Issues
146(2)
Installing and uninstalling programs
Drivers
Program updates
Program distribution
Technical support
Bugs
Disclaimers
Picture Essay: Network Computing
148(2)
The computer
The software
Component software
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
150(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Word Processing & Desktop Publishing
152(14)
Entering and Editing Documents
152(4)
Word wrap
Editing
Spelling checkers
Grammar checkers
Thesaurus
Reference sources
Other Word Processing Features
156(2)
Find and replace
Outlines
Revision marks and document compare
Merge-printing
Footnotes and endnotes
Formatting Documents
158(2)
Basic formatting
Tables
Styles
Templates
Wizards and helpers
Desktop Publishing for Print
160(2)
Page layout
Graphic images
Special characters
Tables of contents and indexes
Columns
Desktop publishing versus word processing
Desktop Publishing for the Screen
162(2)
Hypertext Markup Language
Hypertext Links
Internet enabled applications
Internet page layout programs
Document conversions
Portable document formats
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
164(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Spreadsheet & Database Applications
166(20)
Spreadsheet Applications: Introduction
168(2)
The spreadsheet screen display
The spreadsheet window
Spreadsheet models
Spreadsheet Applications: Entering Data
170(2)
Entering data
Formulas, cell references, and what-ifs
Formats
Functions
Templates
Spreadsheet Applications: Charts and Graphs
172(2)
Charts as analysis tools
Chart types
Maps
Database Applications: Introduction
174(1)
What are databases?
Databases versus spreadsheets;
Database Applications: Principles of Data Storage
175(1)
Database organization
Creating databases
Relational databases
Database Applications: Working with a Database
176(4)
Forms
Entering data-validity checks
Printing reports
Exporting to a spreadsheet
Exporting to a word processor
Media databases
Queries---The Essence of Computing
180(2)
What are queries?
Creating queries
Using relational operators
Using logical operators
Internet Connectivity
182(2)
Dynamically updated on-line databases
Querying on-line databases
Entering data into on-line databases
Web page development tools
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
184(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Communications-The Electronic Web
186(30)
Network Applications: Fax, Voice, and Information Services
188(2)
Fax
Fax back services
Voice mail
On-line services
Network Applications: Person to Person Communications
190(2)
Electronic mail
Store and forward
E-mail software
Stop and think
Network Applications: Group Communication
192(2)
News groups
Mailing lists
Internet relay chat
Network games
Video conferencing
Network Applications: Exchanging Files
194(2)
Uploading and downloading
ASCII and binary files
Shared disks
FTP on the Internet
Binary files as e-mail attachments
The Foundations of Modern Networks: Understanding Bandwidth
196(2)
How big is your pipe?
Bandwidth and frequency
Bandwidth and data
Influences on bandwidth
Local Area Networks: Introduction
198(2)
Network resources
Network users
Network administrators
Local Area Networks: Architecture
200(3)
Basic network architecture
Servers
Ring architecture
Star architecture
Bus architectures
Peer-to-peer networks
Wireless LANs
Local Area Networks: The System
203(1)
Network interface cards
Physical links between devices
Media access control
Ethernet
Token ring
Wide Area Networks: Introduction
204(2)
Metropolitan and wide area networks
Public networks
Intranets
Firewalls
Why firewalls?
Links Between Networks: Devices & Media
206(2)
Network devices
Wired links between networks
Broadcast links between networks
Systems
Links Between Networks: Protocols
208(2)
Circuit-switched networks
Packet-switched networks
The language of the Internet
Networks: Dial-up Access
210(2)
Analog phone modems
How analog modems work
56.6 K Modems
Simultaneous voice and data
Picture Essay: High Bandwidth Personal Connections
212(2)
DirectPC: Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
Cable modems
Wireless connections
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
214(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Multimedia
216(22)
Multimedia: Introduction
218(2)
Multimedia in entertainment
Multimedia in software training
Multimedia in education and training
Multimedia on the Web
Multimedia in office work
Multimedia servers and databases
The Tools of Multimedia: Paint and Draw Applications
220(2)
Bitmap images
Vector graphics
The Tools of Multimedia: Graphic Effects and Techniques
222(2)
3D graphics programs
Animation
Shading
Anti-aliasing
Morphing
The Tools of Multimedia: Sounds and Music
224(2)
Digital sound data
MIDI
3D sound
The Tools of Multimedia: Video
226(2)
File sizes
Compression
How compression works
Image sizes and quality
Video editing
The Tools of Multimedia: Multimedia Authoring Tools
228(2)
Types of presentations
Presentation graphics programs
Professional development tools
The development team
Delivering Multimedia: Presentation Devices
230(2)
The multimedia computer
Kiosks
Television screens
Slide projectors
Cordless mouse
Multimedia on the Web: Sound and Motion
232(2)
Audio and video
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
Multimedia on the Web: Video and Television
234(2)
Types of broadcasts
Web TV
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
236(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Information Technology in Business
238(22)
Corporate Computing: Introduction
240(2)
The origins of information processing
Modern information processing
Information processing leadership
Change
Transaction Processing
242(2)
What is transaction processing?
Centralized transaction processing
Client-server systems
Client-server software
Distributed computing and replication
Information Tools for Management Control
244(2)
Decision support systems---an introduction
Executive information systems
Geographical information systems
On-line analytical processing
Data warehousing
Data-mining
Marketing, Advertising, and Sales
246(2)
Digital printing
Internet advertising
Customer lists
Presentations
Demos
Design, Production, and Manufacturing
248(2)
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Feature prototyping
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
Project management
Business on The Internet
250(2)
Electronic catalogs
Web advertising
Secure transactions
Micropayments
Life Outside the Office
252(2)
The mobile newspaper
Telecommuting
White boards
Wireless mobile computing
Virtual corporations
Careers
254(2)
We are all end-users
Computer-related positions
Computer science positions
Finding a position
Career paths
Keeping Up-to-Date
256(2)
The Internet
User groups
Professional organizations
Publications
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
258(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Programming and System Development
260(22)
Programs: An Introduction
260(4)
The stored program concept
The program ladder
Programmers
You can also be a programmer
Programming Languages---First and Second Generations
264(2)
Generations and levels
The instruction set
Machine language---the first generation
Assembly language---the second generation
Programming Languages---Procedural Languages
266(2)
Procedural language---the third generation
Translators
P-codes
Procedural languages---Java
Programming Methods
268(2)
Data structure and algorithms
Block structured programming
Modular programming
Object oriented programming
How Programs are Developed
270(2)
Defining the problem
Designing the solution
Flowcharts
Pseudocode
Coding the program
Testing the results
Documenting the finished product
Programming Techniques---Introduction
272(2)
Adding two numbers
Input and output
Programming Techniques---Branching and Looping
274(2)
Branching
Looping
Programming Techniques---Functions and Decomposition
276(2)
Functions
Program decomposition
Corporate Development---Systems Analysis and Design
278(2)
Analysis
Design Step 3 Development
Implementation
Maintenance
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
280(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Personal, Social, and Ethical Issues
282(16)
Computers and Your Health
284(2)
Ergonomics
Electromagnetic radiation
Computers and Ethics: Viruses
286(2)
Viruses
Leading viruses
Browser security
Macro viruses;
Intellectual Property Rights
288(2)
Copyrights and plagiarism
What are copyrights?
What is fair use?
What is public domain?
Theft of software
Computer Crime
290(2)
The butler did it!
Trap doors and salami techniques
And these are only the ones who got caught!
Your role
Cryptography
292(2)
The Internet Privacy Coalition
Who needs it
Single-key cryptography
Public key cryptography
Digital signatures
Behind the scenes
The Burning Issues
294(2)
National identity numbers
The electronic supervisor
Censorship and free speech
Privacy in communications
Sources to follow
Enhancing and Testing Your Understanding
296(2)
Summary
Review Questions
Index 298

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