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xiii | |
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xiv | |
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xv | |
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xvi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xx | |
Introduction |
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1 | (6) |
PART I PLANNING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH |
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7 | (48) |
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Formulating Research Problems |
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13 | (16) |
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14 | (1) |
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Criminological research problems |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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Levels of specificity and complexity |
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22 | (3) |
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Characterizing relationships |
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23 | (1) |
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Multivariate relationships |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Getting Criminological Research Started |
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29 | (26) |
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The context of planning criminological research |
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30 | (1) |
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Defining the research topic: sponsors, criminologists and user groups |
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31 | (3) |
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Reviewing the literature and contacting stakeholders |
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34 | (4) |
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Conceptulaization and the formulation of research questions |
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38 | (1) |
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Research design: connecting questions to data |
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39 | (7) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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Data processing and analysis |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
PART II DOING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH |
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55 | (114) |
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Official Statistics and Hidden Crime: Researching Safety Crimes |
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64 | (18) |
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Safety crimes and official crime statistics |
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64 | (1) |
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Safety crimes and official data: measuring injuries |
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65 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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Fatal injuries as crimes? |
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68 | (1) |
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Safety crimes and official data: measuring offences |
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69 | (4) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (1) |
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Alternative sources of data on safety crimes |
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73 | (4) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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Doing Interviews with Female Offenders |
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82 | (15) |
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The context: women and crime for economic gain |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (5) |
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85 | (1) |
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Access, safety and politics |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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During and after the interviews |
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89 | (5) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Doing Realistic Evaluation of Criminal Justice |
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97 | (17) |
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Realistic Evaluation and its rationale |
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98 | (2) |
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Understanding how interventions have their effects |
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98 | (1) |
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Dealing with variations in impact |
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99 | (1) |
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Problems in other approaches |
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100 | (1) |
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First steps in realistic evaluation in criminal justice issues |
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100 | (5) |
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Realistic evaluation before `realistic evaluation' |
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100 | (1) |
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An early `simple' example: mechanisms at work |
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101 | (1) |
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The influence of variations in context |
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102 | (1) |
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The problem of replication |
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103 | (2) |
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Getting going in realistic evaluation |
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105 | (2) |
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Learning programme theories |
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107 | (1) |
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Doubts about realistic evaluation |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Evaluating Initiatives in the Community |
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114 | (14) |
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115 | (1) |
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The practice of evaluation |
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116 | (3) |
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The problems of evaluation |
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119 | (3) |
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Applying a theoretically aware approach to evaluation: the Communities That Care (CTC) initiative |
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122 | (2) |
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What to do: implications for evaluating the CTC initiative |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Rehabilitation, Recidivism and Realism: Evaluating Violence Reduction Programmes in Prison |
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128 | (14) |
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The Cognitive Skills Programme |
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130 | (1) |
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The problem of evaluation |
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131 | (2) |
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Evaluating cognitive Skills programmes |
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133 | (2) |
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The problem of recidivism as a measure of success |
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135 | (2) |
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Developing realistic intermediate measures of success |
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137 | (1) |
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Explaining why programmes work |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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Crime Surveys and the Measurement Problem: Fear of Crime |
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142 | (15) |
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143 | (1) |
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Problems with current approaches |
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144 | (3) |
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Lessons from more recent research |
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147 | (7) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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Sneaky Measurement of Crime and Disorder |
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157 | (12) |
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The problem with existing local measures of crime and disorder |
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159 | (1) |
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Do crime and disorder go together? |
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160 | (1) |
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Trace measures of crime, disorder and use |
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160 | (1) |
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Trace measures: a brief history |
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161 | (1) |
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Modern traces of crime and disorder |
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162 | (2) |
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Assessing validity of trace measures |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
PART III EXPERIENCING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH |
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169 | (80) |
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Critical Reflection as Research Methodology |
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175 | (18) |
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The need for critical criminology |
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175 | (3) |
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Ideology critique: the legacy of the Frankfurt School |
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178 | (6) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (1) |
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The Critical project in the new millennium |
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185 | (3) |
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Analysing sentencing patterns of young burglars |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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`Lager Louts, Tarts, and Hooligans': the Criminalization of Young Adults in a Study of New castle Night-life |
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193 | (22) |
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The criminalization process: media reports and reaction to the study |
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194 | (7) |
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Background to the research |
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194 | (2) |
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Local media and public reaction to the research |
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196 | (4) |
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National newspaper coverage of the research |
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200 | (1) |
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Decriminalizing the research topic and subjects: the role of research findings |
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201 | (8) |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (3) |
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Doing Research in a Prison Setting |
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215 | (19) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Feasibility or degree of difficulty |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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Politics and hidden agendas |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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Getting into and around an establishment |
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222 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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Different methodological approaches |
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224 | (4) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Problems that can be encountered |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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Understanding the Politics of Criminological Research |
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234 | (15) |
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Researching in a Political world |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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Gaining support and sponsorship |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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The utilization of criminological research by policy-makers |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
Index |
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249 | |