Doing Criminological Research,9780761965091

Doing Criminological Research

by ; ;
ISBN13: 9780761965091
ISBN10: 0761965092
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2000-06-22
Publisher(s): Sage Publications Ltd
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Summary

This major new textbook brings together leading criminological researchers who provide an insight into the processes, practicalities and actualities of planning, experiencing and doing criminological research. The book draws on a wide range of studies of crime and criminal justice.Doing Criminological Research is essential reading for students of criminology and for those embarking on criminological inquiry.

Table of Contents

List of figures
xiii
List of Tables
xiv
List of boxes
xv
List of contributors
xvi
Acknowledgments xx
Introduction 1(6)
PART I PLANNING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 7(48)
Formulating Research Problems
13(16)
Victor Jupp
Research problems
14(1)
Criminological research problems
15(1)
Narrowing the focus
16(1)
Purposes of research
16(3)
Units of analysis
19(1)
End-products of research
20(2)
Levels of specificity and complexity
22(3)
Characterizing relationships
23(1)
Multivariate relationships
24(1)
Attending to meaning
25(1)
Conclusion
26(1)
Suggested readings
27(1)
Notes
27(1)
References
28(1)
Getting Criminological Research Started
29(26)
Peter Francis
The context of planning criminological research
30(1)
Defining the research topic: sponsors, criminologists and user groups
31(3)
Reviewing the literature and contacting stakeholders
34(4)
Conceptulaization and the formulation of research questions
38(1)
Research design: connecting questions to data
39(7)
Sampling
42(3)
The time dimension
45(1)
Data processing and analysis
46(1)
The research proposal
46(5)
Conclusion
51(1)
Suggested readings
51(1)
Note
52(1)
References
52(3)
PART II DOING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 55(114)
Official Statistics and Hidden Crime: Researching Safety Crimes
64(18)
Steve Tombs
Safety crimes and official crime statistics
64(1)
Safety crimes and official data: measuring injuries
65(4)
Injury data
66(1)
Fatality data
66(2)
Fatal injuries as crimes?
68(1)
Safety crimes and official data: measuring offences
69(4)
Prosecution data
69(3)
Other enforcement data
72(1)
Alternative sources of data on safety crimes
73(4)
Victim surveys
73(2)
Self-report surveys
75(1)
Whistle-blowers
75(2)
Conclusion
77(1)
Suggested readings
78(1)
Notes
78(1)
References
79(3)
Doing Interviews with Female Offenders
82(15)
Pamela Davies
The context: women and crime for economic gain
84(1)
Before the interviews
84(5)
Feminist research
85(1)
Access, safety and politics
86(2)
Setting up interviews
88(1)
During and after the interviews
89(5)
Safety revisited
89(1)
Sampling revisited
89(1)
Inducements revisited
90(1)
Validity and reflexivity
90(1)
The interview process
91(1)
Validity revisited
92(1)
After interviewing
93(1)
Conclusion
94(1)
Suggested readings
95(1)
References
95(2)
Doing Realistic Evaluation of Criminal Justice
97(17)
Nick Tilley
Realistic Evaluation and its rationale
98(2)
Understanding how interventions have their effects
98(1)
Dealing with variations in impact
99(1)
Problems in other approaches
100(1)
First steps in realistic evaluation in criminal justice issues
100(5)
Realistic evaluation before `realistic evaluation'
100(1)
An early `simple' example: mechanisms at work
101(1)
The influence of variations in context
102(1)
The problem of replication
103(2)
Getting going in realistic evaluation
105(2)
Learning programme theories
107(1)
Doubts about realistic evaluation
107(3)
Conclusion
110(1)
Suggested readings
111(1)
Notes
111(1)
References
112(2)
Evaluating Initiatives in the Community
114(14)
Iain Crow
The Theory of evaluation
115(1)
The practice of evaluation
116(3)
The problems of evaluation
119(3)
Applying a theoretically aware approach to evaluation: the Communities That Care (CTC) initiative
122(2)
What to do: implications for evaluating the CTC initiative
124(2)
Conclusion
126(1)
Suggested readings
126(1)
Notes
126(1)
References
126(2)
Rehabilitation, Recidivism and Realism: Evaluating Violence Reduction Programmes in Prison
128(14)
Roger Matthews
John Pitts
The Cognitive Skills Programme
130(1)
The problem of evaluation
131(2)
Evaluating cognitive Skills programmes
133(2)
The problem of recidivism as a measure of success
135(2)
Developing realistic intermediate measures of success
137(1)
Explaining why programmes work
138(1)
Conclusion
139(1)
Suggested readings
140(1)
References
140(2)
Crime Surveys and the Measurement Problem: Fear of Crime
142(15)
Jason Ditton
Stephen Farrall
Jon Bannister
Elizabeth Gilchrist
The need to measure fear
143(1)
Problems with current approaches
144(3)
Lessons from more recent research
147(7)
Conclusion
154(1)
Suggested readings
155(1)
References
155(2)
Sneaky Measurement of Crime and Disorder
157(12)
Jeanette Garwood
Michelle Rogerson
Ken Pease
The problem with existing local measures of crime and disorder
159(1)
Do crime and disorder go together?
160(1)
Trace measures of crime, disorder and use
160(1)
Trace measures: a brief history
161(1)
Modern traces of crime and disorder
162(2)
Assessing validity of trace measures
164(1)
Conclusion
165(1)
Suggested readings
165(1)
References
166(3)
PART III EXPERIENCING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 169(80)
Critical Reflection as Research Methodology
175(18)
Barbara Hudson
The need for critical criminology
175(3)
Ideology critique: the legacy of the Frankfurt School
178(6)
Ideology studies
179(1)
Levels of analysis
180(4)
Standpoint epistemology
184(1)
The Critical project in the new millennium
185(3)
Analysing sentencing patterns of young burglars
187(1)
Conclusion
188(1)
Suggested readings
189(1)
References
189(4)
`Lager Louts, Tarts, and Hooligans': the Criminalization of Young Adults in a Study of New castle Night-life
193(22)
Robert G. Hollands
The criminalization process: media reports and reaction to the study
194(7)
Background to the research
194(2)
Local media and public reaction to the research
196(4)
National newspaper coverage of the research
200(1)
Decriminalizing the research topic and subjects: the role of research findings
201(8)
Public Policy effects
205(4)
Conclusion
209(1)
Suggested readings
210(1)
Notes
210(2)
References
212(3)
Doing Research in a Prison Setting
215(19)
Carol Martin
Types of Prison
217(1)
Planning research
218(3)
Finance
219(1)
Value
219(1)
Feasibility or degree of difficulty
220(1)
Ethics
220(1)
Local Disruption
221(1)
Politics and hidden agendas
221(1)
Gaining access
221(1)
Getting into and around an establishment
222(2)
Safety
223(1)
Different methodological approaches
224(4)
Triangulation
225(1)
Interviews
226(1)
Case selection
226(1)
Documents
227(1)
Ethical questions
228(2)
Gender
229(1)
Confidentiality
229(1)
Researcher's status
229(1)
Problems that can be encountered
230(1)
Conclusion
231(1)
Suggested readings
232(1)
Notes
232(1)
References
232(2)
Understanding the Politics of Criminological Research
234(15)
Gordon Hughes
Researching in a Political world
235(1)
Getting started
235(2)
Gaining support and sponsorship
237(2)
Gaining access
239(3)
Collecting data
242(2)
Publishing the results
244(1)
The utilization of criminological research by policy-makers
245(2)
Conclusion
247(1)
Suggested readings
247(1)
References
247(2)
Index 249

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