Contemporary Clinical Psychology, 3rd Edition [Rental Edition]

Preface to the Third Edition xxi

About the Author xxv

Part One Foundations and Fundamentals 1

Chapter 1 What is Contemporary Clinical Psychology? 3

Case Study: Carlos 3

Definition and Inherent Intrigue 5

Perspective and Philosophy 6

Education and Training 8

Activities 10

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Patrick H. DeLeon, PhD, ABPP 14

Employment Settings 16

Subspecialties 18

Organizations 21

How Does Clinical Psychology Differ from Related Fields? 22

The Big Picture 27

Key Points 28

Key Terms 29

For Reflection 29

Real Students, Real Questions 29

Web Resources 29

Chapter 2 Foundations and Early History of Clinical Psychology 31

Early Conceptions of Mental Illness: Mind and Body Paradigms 33

The Founding of Clinical Psychology 38

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Rev. Gerdenio ‘‘Sonny’’ Manuel, SJ, PhD 39

The Influence of Binet’s Intelligence Test 40

The Influence of the Mental Health and Child Guidance Movement 40

The Influence of Sigmund Freud in America 41

The American Psychological Association and Early Clinical Psychology 41

The Influence of World War I 42

Clinical Psychology between the World Wars 43

The Influence of World War II 44

The Big Picture 45

Key Points 45

Key Terms 47

For Reflection 47

Real Students, Real Questions 47

Web Resources 47

Chapter 3 Recent History of Clinical Psychology 49

Clinical Psychology Immediately after World War II 49

The Rise of Alternatives to the Psychodynamic Approach 56

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Nadine J. Kaslow, PhD, ABPP 63

A New Training Model Emerges 66

The Rise of Empirically Supported Treatments and Resurgence of Cognitive Behavioral Models 67

Present Status 69

The Big Picture 70

Key Points 71

Key Terms 72

For Reflection 72

Real Students, Real Questions 72

Web Resources 72

Chapter 4 Research: Design and Outcome 73

Research Methods and Designs 74

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Designs 87

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Alan E. Kazdin, PhD, ABPP 88

Treatment Outcome Research 91

Questions and Challenges in Conducting Treatment Outcome Research 94

Contemporary Issues in Clinical Psychology Treatment Outcome Research 99

How and Where is Research Conducted in Clinical Psychology and How is It Funded? 103

The Big Picture 105

Key Points 106

Key Terms 108

For Reflection 108

Real Students, Real Questions 108

Web Resources 109

Chapter 5 The Major Theoretical Models: Psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic, and Family Systems 111

The Four Major Theoretical Models in Clinical Psychology 112

Case Study: Mary 113

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Marcia J. Wood, PhD 128

Understanding Mary from Different Theoretical Orientations 130

The Big Picture 132

Key Points 132

Key Terms 133

For Reflection 133

Real Students, Real Questions 134

Web Resources 134

Chapter 6 Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinical Psychology 135

The Call to Integration 135

Biopsychosocial Integration 140

Case Study: Mary—Integrating Biological Factors 146

Synthesizing Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in Contemporary Integration 148

Case Study: Mary—Integrating Social Factors 150

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, PhD 152

Application of the Biopsychosocial Perspective to Contemporary Clinical Psychology Problems 153

Case Study: Hector Experiences Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Biopsychosocial) 156

Case Study: Nicole Experiences School Phobia (Biopsychosocial) 158

Case Study: Taylor Experiences Cardiovascular Disease, Job and Family Stress, and Type A Personality (Biopsychosocial) 160

Case Study: Marilyn —Biopsychosocial with Cancer 162

Case Study: Mary—Biopsychosocial Synthesis 164

Conclusion 165

The Big Picture 165

Key Points 165

Key Terms 166

For Reflection 166

Real Students, Real Questions 166

Web Resources 166

Part Two Roles and Responsibilities 167

Chapter 7 Contemporary Psychological Assessment I: Interviewing and Observing Behavior 169

Goals, Purposes, and Types of Assessment 170

Reliability and Validity 171

Interviewing 173

Types of Interviews 177

Case Study: Joe Experiences Depression 178

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stanley Sue, PhD 186

Potential Threats to Effective Interviewing 187

Behavioral Observations 187

Checklists and Inventories 193

Case Study: Jos´e and the BDI, CBCL, and SCL-90-R 196

Physiological Testing 197

The Big Picture 198

Key Points 198

Key Terms 199

For Reflection 200

Real Students, Real Questions 200

Web Resources 200

Chapter 8 Contemporary Psychological Assessment II: Cognitive and Personality Assessment 201

Cognitive Testing 201

Case Study: Paul—WAIS-IV (Intellectual Assessment) 207

Case Study: Donald—WISC-IV (Intellectual Assessment) 211

Case Study: Robert Experiences a Head Injury and Resulting Antisocial Behaviors (Neuropsychological) 219

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Lori Goldfarb Plante, PhD 221

Personality Testing 222

Case Study: Martha Experiences Severe Depression and Borderline Personality (Rorschach) 231

Case Study: Xavier Experiences Bipolar Disorder (Rorschach) 233

Case Study: Debbie Experiences Alcoholism, Depression, and Phobic Anxiety (TAT) 235

Case Study: Xavier (Sentence Completion) 236

Case Study: Elias Experiences Anxiety and Depression (Sentence Completion) 236

Clinical Inference and Judgment 237

Communicating Assessment Results 240

Case Study: Thomas Experiences Aggressive Behavior Associated with Asperger’s Syndrome (Psychological Assessment Report) 241

The Big Picture 244

Key Points 244

Key Terms 245

For Reflection 246

Real Students, Real Questions 246

Web Resources 246

Chapter 9 Psychotherapeutic Interventions 247

Contemporary Integration in Psychotherapy Using Evidence-Based Approaches 248

Goals of Psychotherapy 250

Similarities or Common Denominators in Psychotherapy 250

Stages of Psychotherapy 253

Modes of Psychotherapy 256

Case Study: Shawna Experiences Enuresis (Individual Child Therapy) 257

Case Study: James Experiences Bipolar Disorder (Individual Psychotherapy) 259

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: John C. Norcross, PhD 262

Nonpsychotherapy Approaches to Treatment: Biological and Social Interventions 263

Case Study: Inpatient Group Psychotherapy 265

Case Study: Hans and Marta Experience Severe Marital Discord (Couples Therapy) 268

Case Study: The Kaplans Experience a Family Death and a Suicide Attempt in the Family (Family Therapy) 270

Case Study: Mako Experiences Anorexia Nervosa—Integration of Theories, Techniques, Modalities, and Biopsychosocial Factors (Contemporary Psychotherapy) 274

The Big Picture 276

Key Points 276

Key Terms 276

For Reflection 276

Real Students, Real Questions 277

Web Resources 277

Chapter 10 Psychotherapeutic Issues 279

Does Psychotherapy Work? 279

Long-Term Therapy versus Short-Term Treatment 282

Psychotherapy Dropouts 284

Is One Type of Therapy Better Than Another? 285

Enduring Psychotherapy Effects 287

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: John Pina, PhD 288

Common Factors Associated with Positive Psychotherapy Outcome 289

Change is Challenging 291

Level of Training for Psychotherapists 292

Health-Care Costs and Psychotherapy 294

Psychotherapy Harm 294

The Big Picture 300

Key Points 301

Key Terms 302

For Reflection 302

Real Students, Real Questions 302

Web Resources 302

Chapter 11 Areas of Specialization 303

Clinical Health Psychology 305

Case Study: Celeste Experiences Type A Personality and Irritable Bowel Syndrome 313

Child Clinical Psychology 314

Case Study: Weight-Loss Treatment Program 315

Case Study: Joe Experiences Alcoholism 316

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Susan Steibe-Pasalich, PhD 324

Clinical Neuropsychology 325

Case Study: Sam Experiences Autism 326

Case Study: Zoe Experiences Acting-Out Behaviors 327

Case Study: Sally Experiences Anorexia Nervosa 328

Case Study: Joseph Experiences Dementia and Depression 331

Geropsychology 332

Forensic Psychology 336

Case Study: Austin Experiences Substance Abuse and a Severe Head Injury 337

Case Study: Margaret Experiences Problems Associated with a Stroke 337

Other Subspecialties 339

Case Study: The Lee Family Experiences Stress Associated with Divorce and Child Custody 341

Case Study: Marie Experiences Suicidal Behaviors and Depression 341

Case Study: Betty Experiences Job Stress 342

The Big Picture 342

Key Points 342

Key Terms 343

For Reflection 344

Real Students, Real Questions 344

Web Resources 344

Chapter 12 Consultative, Teaching, and Administrative Roles 345

Consultation 345

Case Studies: Consultation with Mental Health Colleagues 355

Case Studies: Consultation with Non–Mental Health Professionals 357

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Julie B. (Sincoff) Jampel, PhD 358

Teaching 359

Case Studies: Teaching in Academic Settings 362

Case Studies: Teaching in Nonacademic Locations 364

Administration 365

Case Studies: Administrators in Clinical Psychology 366

The Big Picture 366

Key Points 367

Key Terms 368

For Reflection 368

Real Students, Real Questions 368

Web Resources 369

Chapter 13 Ethical Standards 371

How Do Professional Ethics Differ from the Law? 373

The Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 374

Case Study: Dr. A Treats a Patient Although He Has Inadequate Competence to Do So 377

Case Study: Dr. B Conducts Psychological Testing Less Than Rigorously 378

Case Study: Dr. C Misleads His Clients Regarding His Credentials 379

Case Study: Dr. D Participates in a Dual Relationship with Her Client 379

Case Study: Dr. E Treats a Client Very Different from Those with Whom He Has Expertise 380

Case Study: Dr. F is Concerned about Unethical Behavior in a Colleague 381

Case Study: Dr. H Breaks Confidentiality with a Client 382

Case Study: Dr. I Does Not Report Child Abuse Due to Patient Pressure 382

Case Study: Dr. J Has Strong Personal Values That Impact His Work with Clients 382

Case Study: Dr. K Experiences Personal Prejudice That Impacts Her Work with Diverse Clients 383

Case Study: Dr. L Takes Advantage of His Students for Personal Favors 383

Case Study: Dr. M is Greedy and Unwilling to Give Back to Society 384

Case Study: Dr. N Allows Unqualified Trainees to Give Psychological Tests 386

Case Study: Dr. O Uses Testing Materials for Purposes for Which They Were Not Developed 386

Case Study: Dr. P Does Not Protect Psychological Tests from Misuse 387

Case Study: Dr. Q Uses His Work with a Client for His Own Advantage 388

Case Study: Ms. R Allows Others to Misrepresent Her Credentials 388

Case Study: Dr. S Misleads Others about His Training 389

Case Study: Dr. T Dates a Relative of His Patient 395

Case Study: Dr. U Abandons His Clients 395

Case Study: Dr. V Publishes Research in a Way to Help Her Career Rather Than Doing So More Responsibly 395

Case Study: Dr. W Surprises His Students with Rejection without Any Warning 396

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Thomas G. Plante, PhD, ABPP 396

Why Would a Psychologist Behave in an Unethical Manner? 397

Case Study: Dr. X Doesn’t Provide Full Informed Consent to His Clients 398

Case Study: Dr. Y Fails to Help and Support Her Students 399

Case Study: Dr. AA Commits Insurance Fraud 399

How Are Ethics Enforced? 399

Case Study: Dr. BB Enters a Dual Relationship with His Client 400

What is the Process for Solving Ethical Dilemmas? 401

Is Behaving in Accordance with Ethical Principles Always Clear Cut? 401

The Big Picture 402

Key Points 403

Key Terms 404

For Reflection 404

Real Students, Real Questions 404

Web Resources 404

Part Three Where is Clinical Psychology Going, and Should I Go with It? 407

Chapter 14 Current and Future Trends and Challenges 409

Trends in Society 410

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Aisha Laureen Hamdan, PhD 419

Research Issues 420

Practice Issues 421

Reaching Beyond Mental Health in Contemporary Clinical Psychology 434

Training Issues 435

The Big Picture 436

Key Points 437

Key Terms 438

For Reflection 438

Real Students, Real Questions 439

Web Resources 439

Chapter 15 Becoming a Clinical Psychologist: A Roadmap 453

College 454

Applying to Graduate Programs in Clinical Psychology 458

Graduate School in Clinical Psychology 460

Clinical Internship 464

Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Martin M. Antony, PhD 464

Postdoctoral Fellowship 466

Specialization 467

Certification and/or Licensure 467

Employment 469

The American Board of Professional Psychology Diploma 471

Is Clinical Psychology Right for Me? 472

How to Get More Information about Current Issues in Clinical Psychology 472

The Big Picture 473

Key Points 474

Key Terms 475

For Reflection 476

Real Students, Real Questions 476

Web Resources 476

Glossary 477

Appendix: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002 487

References 507

Author Index 569

Subject Index 583