Preface to the Third Edition xxi
About the Author xxv
Part One Foundations and Fundamentals 1
Chapter 1 What is Contemporary Clinical Psychology? 3
Case Study: Carlos 3
Definition and Inherent Intrigue 5
Perspective and Philosophy 6
Education and Training 8
Activities 10
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Patrick H. DeLeon, PhD, ABPP 14
Employment Settings 16
Subspecialties 18
Organizations 21
How Does Clinical Psychology Differ from Related Fields? 22
The Big Picture 27
Key Points 28
Key Terms 29
For Reflection 29
Real Students, Real Questions 29
Web Resources 29
Chapter 2 Foundations and Early History of Clinical Psychology 31
Early Conceptions of Mental Illness: Mind and Body Paradigms 33
The Founding of Clinical Psychology 38
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Rev. Gerdenio ‘‘Sonny’’ Manuel, SJ, PhD 39
The Influence of Binet’s Intelligence Test 40
The Influence of the Mental Health and Child Guidance Movement 40
The Influence of Sigmund Freud in America 41
The American Psychological Association and Early Clinical Psychology 41
The Influence of World War I 42
Clinical Psychology between the World Wars 43
The Influence of World War II 44
The Big Picture 45
Key Points 45
Key Terms 47
For Reflection 47
Real Students, Real Questions 47
Web Resources 47
Chapter 3 Recent History of Clinical Psychology 49
Clinical Psychology Immediately after World War II 49
The Rise of Alternatives to the Psychodynamic Approach 56
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Nadine J. Kaslow, PhD, ABPP 63
A New Training Model Emerges 66
The Rise of Empirically Supported Treatments and Resurgence of Cognitive Behavioral Models 67
Present Status 69
The Big Picture 70
Key Points 71
Key Terms 72
For Reflection 72
Real Students, Real Questions 72
Web Resources 72
Chapter 4 Research: Design and Outcome 73
Research Methods and Designs 74
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Designs 87
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Alan E. Kazdin, PhD, ABPP 88
Treatment Outcome Research 91
Questions and Challenges in Conducting Treatment Outcome Research 94
Contemporary Issues in Clinical Psychology Treatment Outcome Research 99
How and Where is Research Conducted in Clinical Psychology and How is It Funded? 103
The Big Picture 105
Key Points 106
Key Terms 108
For Reflection 108
Real Students, Real Questions 108
Web Resources 109
Chapter 5 The Major Theoretical Models: Psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic, and Family Systems 111
The Four Major Theoretical Models in Clinical Psychology 112
Case Study: Mary 113
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Marcia J. Wood, PhD 128
Understanding Mary from Different Theoretical Orientations 130
The Big Picture 132
Key Points 132
Key Terms 133
For Reflection 133
Real Students, Real Questions 134
Web Resources 134
Chapter 6 Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinical Psychology 135
The Call to Integration 135
Biopsychosocial Integration 140
Case Study: Mary—Integrating Biological Factors 146
Synthesizing Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in Contemporary Integration 148
Case Study: Mary—Integrating Social Factors 150
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, PhD 152
Application of the Biopsychosocial Perspective to Contemporary Clinical Psychology Problems 153
Case Study: Hector Experiences Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Biopsychosocial) 156
Case Study: Nicole Experiences School Phobia (Biopsychosocial) 158
Case Study: Taylor Experiences Cardiovascular Disease, Job and Family Stress, and Type A Personality (Biopsychosocial) 160
Case Study: Marilyn —Biopsychosocial with Cancer 162
Case Study: Mary—Biopsychosocial Synthesis 164
Conclusion 165
The Big Picture 165
Key Points 165
Key Terms 166
For Reflection 166
Real Students, Real Questions 166
Web Resources 166
Part Two Roles and Responsibilities 167
Chapter 7 Contemporary Psychological Assessment I: Interviewing and Observing Behavior 169
Goals, Purposes, and Types of Assessment 170
Reliability and Validity 171
Interviewing 173
Types of Interviews 177
Case Study: Joe Experiences Depression 178
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stanley Sue, PhD 186
Potential Threats to Effective Interviewing 187
Behavioral Observations 187
Checklists and Inventories 193
Case Study: Jos´e and the BDI, CBCL, and SCL-90-R 196
Physiological Testing 197
The Big Picture 198
Key Points 198
Key Terms 199
For Reflection 200
Real Students, Real Questions 200
Web Resources 200
Chapter 8 Contemporary Psychological Assessment II: Cognitive and Personality Assessment 201
Cognitive Testing 201
Case Study: Paul—WAIS-IV (Intellectual Assessment) 207
Case Study: Donald—WISC-IV (Intellectual Assessment) 211
Case Study: Robert Experiences a Head Injury and Resulting Antisocial Behaviors (Neuropsychological) 219
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Lori Goldfarb Plante, PhD 221
Personality Testing 222
Case Study: Martha Experiences Severe Depression and Borderline Personality (Rorschach) 231
Case Study: Xavier Experiences Bipolar Disorder (Rorschach) 233
Case Study: Debbie Experiences Alcoholism, Depression, and Phobic Anxiety (TAT) 235
Case Study: Xavier (Sentence Completion) 236
Case Study: Elias Experiences Anxiety and Depression (Sentence Completion) 236
Clinical Inference and Judgment 237
Communicating Assessment Results 240
Case Study: Thomas Experiences Aggressive Behavior Associated with Asperger’s Syndrome (Psychological Assessment Report) 241
The Big Picture 244
Key Points 244
Key Terms 245
For Reflection 246
Real Students, Real Questions 246
Web Resources 246
Chapter 9 Psychotherapeutic Interventions 247
Contemporary Integration in Psychotherapy Using Evidence-Based Approaches 248
Goals of Psychotherapy 250
Similarities or Common Denominators in Psychotherapy 250
Stages of Psychotherapy 253
Modes of Psychotherapy 256
Case Study: Shawna Experiences Enuresis (Individual Child Therapy) 257
Case Study: James Experiences Bipolar Disorder (Individual Psychotherapy) 259
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: John C. Norcross, PhD 262
Nonpsychotherapy Approaches to Treatment: Biological and Social Interventions 263
Case Study: Inpatient Group Psychotherapy 265
Case Study: Hans and Marta Experience Severe Marital Discord (Couples Therapy) 268
Case Study: The Kaplans Experience a Family Death and a Suicide Attempt in the Family (Family Therapy) 270
Case Study: Mako Experiences Anorexia Nervosa—Integration of Theories, Techniques, Modalities, and Biopsychosocial Factors (Contemporary Psychotherapy) 274
The Big Picture 276
Key Points 276
Key Terms 276
For Reflection 276
Real Students, Real Questions 277
Web Resources 277
Chapter 10 Psychotherapeutic Issues 279
Does Psychotherapy Work? 279
Long-Term Therapy versus Short-Term Treatment 282
Psychotherapy Dropouts 284
Is One Type of Therapy Better Than Another? 285
Enduring Psychotherapy Effects 287
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: John Pina, PhD 288
Common Factors Associated with Positive Psychotherapy Outcome 289
Change is Challenging 291
Level of Training for Psychotherapists 292
Health-Care Costs and Psychotherapy 294
Psychotherapy Harm 294
The Big Picture 300
Key Points 301
Key Terms 302
For Reflection 302
Real Students, Real Questions 302
Web Resources 302
Chapter 11 Areas of Specialization 303
Clinical Health Psychology 305
Case Study: Celeste Experiences Type A Personality and Irritable Bowel Syndrome 313
Child Clinical Psychology 314
Case Study: Weight-Loss Treatment Program 315
Case Study: Joe Experiences Alcoholism 316
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Susan Steibe-Pasalich, PhD 324
Clinical Neuropsychology 325
Case Study: Sam Experiences Autism 326
Case Study: Zoe Experiences Acting-Out Behaviors 327
Case Study: Sally Experiences Anorexia Nervosa 328
Case Study: Joseph Experiences Dementia and Depression 331
Geropsychology 332
Forensic Psychology 336
Case Study: Austin Experiences Substance Abuse and a Severe Head Injury 337
Case Study: Margaret Experiences Problems Associated with a Stroke 337
Other Subspecialties 339
Case Study: The Lee Family Experiences Stress Associated with Divorce and Child Custody 341
Case Study: Marie Experiences Suicidal Behaviors and Depression 341
Case Study: Betty Experiences Job Stress 342
The Big Picture 342
Key Points 342
Key Terms 343
For Reflection 344
Real Students, Real Questions 344
Web Resources 344
Chapter 12 Consultative, Teaching, and Administrative Roles 345
Consultation 345
Case Studies: Consultation with Mental Health Colleagues 355
Case Studies: Consultation with Non–Mental Health Professionals 357
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Julie B. (Sincoff) Jampel, PhD 358
Teaching 359
Case Studies: Teaching in Academic Settings 362
Case Studies: Teaching in Nonacademic Locations 364
Administration 365
Case Studies: Administrators in Clinical Psychology 366
The Big Picture 366
Key Points 367
Key Terms 368
For Reflection 368
Real Students, Real Questions 368
Web Resources 369
Chapter 13 Ethical Standards 371
How Do Professional Ethics Differ from the Law? 373
The Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 374
Case Study: Dr. A Treats a Patient Although He Has Inadequate Competence to Do So 377
Case Study: Dr. B Conducts Psychological Testing Less Than Rigorously 378
Case Study: Dr. C Misleads His Clients Regarding His Credentials 379
Case Study: Dr. D Participates in a Dual Relationship with Her Client 379
Case Study: Dr. E Treats a Client Very Different from Those with Whom He Has Expertise 380
Case Study: Dr. F is Concerned about Unethical Behavior in a Colleague 381
Case Study: Dr. H Breaks Confidentiality with a Client 382
Case Study: Dr. I Does Not Report Child Abuse Due to Patient Pressure 382
Case Study: Dr. J Has Strong Personal Values That Impact His Work with Clients 382
Case Study: Dr. K Experiences Personal Prejudice That Impacts Her Work with Diverse Clients 383
Case Study: Dr. L Takes Advantage of His Students for Personal Favors 383
Case Study: Dr. M is Greedy and Unwilling to Give Back to Society 384
Case Study: Dr. N Allows Unqualified Trainees to Give Psychological Tests 386
Case Study: Dr. O Uses Testing Materials for Purposes for Which They Were Not Developed 386
Case Study: Dr. P Does Not Protect Psychological Tests from Misuse 387
Case Study: Dr. Q Uses His Work with a Client for His Own Advantage 388
Case Study: Ms. R Allows Others to Misrepresent Her Credentials 388
Case Study: Dr. S Misleads Others about His Training 389
Case Study: Dr. T Dates a Relative of His Patient 395
Case Study: Dr. U Abandons His Clients 395
Case Study: Dr. V Publishes Research in a Way to Help Her Career Rather Than Doing So More Responsibly 395
Case Study: Dr. W Surprises His Students with Rejection without Any Warning 396
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Thomas G. Plante, PhD, ABPP 396
Why Would a Psychologist Behave in an Unethical Manner? 397
Case Study: Dr. X Doesn’t Provide Full Informed Consent to His Clients 398
Case Study: Dr. Y Fails to Help and Support Her Students 399
Case Study: Dr. AA Commits Insurance Fraud 399
How Are Ethics Enforced? 399
Case Study: Dr. BB Enters a Dual Relationship with His Client 400
What is the Process for Solving Ethical Dilemmas? 401
Is Behaving in Accordance with Ethical Principles Always Clear Cut? 401
The Big Picture 402
Key Points 403
Key Terms 404
For Reflection 404
Real Students, Real Questions 404
Web Resources 404
Part Three Where is Clinical Psychology Going, and Should I Go with It? 407
Chapter 14 Current and Future Trends and Challenges 409
Trends in Society 410
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Aisha Laureen Hamdan, PhD 419
Research Issues 420
Practice Issues 421
Reaching Beyond Mental Health in Contemporary Clinical Psychology 434
Training Issues 435
The Big Picture 436
Key Points 437
Key Terms 438
For Reflection 438
Real Students, Real Questions 439
Web Resources 439
Chapter 15 Becoming a Clinical Psychologist: A Roadmap 453
College 454
Applying to Graduate Programs in Clinical Psychology 458
Graduate School in Clinical Psychology 460
Clinical Internship 464
Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Martin M. Antony, PhD 464
Postdoctoral Fellowship 466
Specialization 467
Certification and/or Licensure 467
Employment 469
The American Board of Professional Psychology Diploma 471
Is Clinical Psychology Right for Me? 472
How to Get More Information about Current Issues in Clinical Psychology 472
The Big Picture 473
Key Points 474
Key Terms 475
For Reflection 476
Real Students, Real Questions 476
Web Resources 476
Glossary 477
Appendix: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002 487
References 507
Author Index 569
Subject Index 583