At the turn of the 20th century Lithuania was an integral part of Europe, centrally placed between the Russian, German and Austrian empires. Its capital, Vilnius, with 40% of its inhabitants Jewish was influenced by all of the mainstream arts of the neighboring art movements. Out of these various styles arose a specific art, expressed in paintings and sculpture by talented artists. This book presents the main works underlined by in-depth articles. It shows the sometimes-contrary artistic activities between aestheticism and patriotism, a typical result of region tied up between the different political, cultural and historic influences. This title is a brilliant expression of the European artistic variety and in the same time its restriction through the influences of the mighty circles governing the world.